Herbal medicine as an auspicious therapeutic approach for the eradication ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection: A concise review

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes gastric mucosa inflammation and gastric cancer mostly via several virulence factors. Induction of proinflammatory pathways plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation, gastric carcinoma, and H. pylori pathogenesis. Herbal medicines (HMs) are nontoxic, inexpensive, and mostly anti‐inflammatory reminding meticulous emphasis on the elimination of H. pylori and gastric cancer. Several HM has exerted paramount anti‐H. pylori traits. In addition, they exert anti‐inflammatory effects through several cellular circuits such as inhibition of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase, nuclear factor‐κB, and activator protein‐1 pathway activation leading to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1α [IL‐1α], IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) expression. Furthermore, they inhibit nitrous oxide release and COX‐2 and iNOS activity. The apoptosis induction in Th1 and Th17‐polarized lymphocytes and M2‐macrophagic polarization and STAT6 activation has also been exhibited. Thus, their exact consumable amount has not been revealed, and clinical trials are needed to achieve optimal concentration and their pharmacokinetics. In the aspect of bioavailability, solubility, absorption, and metabolism of herbal compounds, nanocarriers such as poly lactideco‐glycolide‐based loading and related formulations are helpful. Noticeably, combined therapies accompanied by probiotics can also be examined for better clearance of gastric mucosa. In addition, downregulation of inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs) by HMs and upregulation of those anti‐inflammatory miRNAs is proposed to protect the gastric mucosa. Thus there is anticipation that in near future HM‐based formulations and proper delivery systems are possibly applicable against gastric cancer or other ailments because of H. pylori.

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Geriatric Patients: Current Situation and Treatment Regimens

“…Non-antibiotic treatment, typically involving probiotics and natural products that inhibit H. pylori activity, might be a complementary and alternative therapy. Several herbal medicines show remarkable anti- H. pylori properties ( 144 ); however, clinical trials are needed to confirm their effects. In China, integrative medicine is being considered as a new approach for H. pylori treatment in older patients, for which, clinical trials are being conducted (e.g., ChiCTR1900028373 in https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).…”

New Insights into Bioactive Compounds from the Medicinal Plant Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. and Their Activity against Helicobacter pylori

“…However, only a few papers have described the mechanisms of action of natural products against H. pylori [13,14]. In general, these mechanisms include urease activity inhibition, anti-adhesion activity, DNA damage, protein synthesis inhibition, and oxidative stress [15][16][17].…”

Helicobacter pylori eradication: Exploring its impacts on the gastric mucosa

“…Phytotherapy, including herbs and spices, cruciferous vegetables, Korean red ginseng and green tea, and extracts of oils, resveratrol, and beta-carotene, is another naturopathic therapy. Specifically, herbal-based therapies, one of the most popular forms of phytotherapy, can act as anti-inflammatory agents to treat H. pylori infection[ 155 ]. Nevertheless, the active component for the majority of agents and the molecular mechanism of inhibition against H. pylori remain unknown.…”