Herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies- A review of clinical trials in past decade

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to analyze the literature published in the research related to herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies. An internet search using search engines-Google, Researchgate and PubMed was carried out. The keywords used for search were-periodontal therapy, adjunct, herbal, and periodontitis. Full text articles of the articles were collected from the year 2007-2017. The data available from the clinical trials the journal articles were analyzed and presented in both tabular and descriptive patterns. The herbs frequently tested used for treatment of periodontitis are Acacia catechu, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Allium sativum, Propolis, Mikania laevigata, Mikania glomerate, Droserapeltata, Helichrysumitalicum, Coptidis rhizome, Piper cubeba, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium Aromaticum and Tea tree oil. 8 Besides the above mentioned herbal remedies a number of other herbal based products are also undergoing

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“…In traditional Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis is usually prescribed to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases [206]. It is used to manage periodontal disease [207]. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulating action is due to the presence of baicalin, a flavonoid compound [208,209].…”

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“…Infections of the periodontal ligament and gingiva have plagued humans since early historic ages. Paleo-pathological reports have displayed that periodontal complications specified by bone loss have pathologically affected early humans in diverse cultures around the world [ 10 ]. gingivitis is the slightest form of periodontal disease and defines the gingival inflammation due to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria between the gumline and tooth.…”

“…During the defensive mechanism against the bacteria, the host immune reactions also incite the periodontal destruction through the loss of bone attachments, subsequently leading to alveolar bone loss of the affected tooth [ 11 ]. Non-surgical handling can be effective in mild to moderate periodontitis while surgical action is important in progressive conditions [ 10 ]. Adjunctive to the mechanical scaling and root planning in the treatment of periodontal diseases, confined systems of drug delivery, mouth washes, irrigations and devices for sustained drug release are used regularly for conveyance of therapeutic agents [ 10 , 12 ].…”

“…Non-surgical handling can be effective in mild to moderate periodontitis while surgical action is important in progressive conditions [ 10 ]. Adjunctive to the mechanical scaling and root planning in the treatment of periodontal diseases, confined systems of drug delivery, mouth washes, irrigations and devices for sustained drug release are used regularly for conveyance of therapeutic agents [ 10 , 12 ]. Furthermore, it has been reported that regular periodontal treatment along with the use of an adjunctive therapeutic mediator can improve patient outcomes significantly compared to mechanical treatment alone [ 10 , 13 ].…”

“…Adjunctive to the mechanical scaling and root planning in the treatment of periodontal diseases, confined systems of drug delivery, mouth washes, irrigations and devices for sustained drug release are used regularly for conveyance of therapeutic agents [ 10 , 12 ]. Furthermore, it has been reported that regular periodontal treatment along with the use of an adjunctive therapeutic mediator can improve patient outcomes significantly compared to mechanical treatment alone [ 10 , 13 ]. Modern day chemotherapeutic mediators exhibited significant effectiveness in the treatment of periodontal disease, but display a number of objectionable adverse effects such as taste alteration, tooth and tongue discoloration, antimicrobial resistance and the higher prices of these compounds [ 14 , 15 ].…”