Herbal Immunomodulators in Aquaculture

Elumalai, Preetham; Kurian, Amitha; Lakshmi, Sreeja; Faggio, Caterina; Esteban, M. Ángeles; Ringø, Einar

doi:10.1080/23308249.2020.1779651

Cited by 152 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…This indicates that the impact of Se on the inflammatory response in fish might not be limited to direct feeding effects, but also be exerted through an epigenetic process. In this context, similar to other natural feed additives [50], Se might act as an immunostimulant, improving fish immunity in the long term.…”

Section: Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the Dna Methylation Pattmentioning

confidence: 95%

Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Progeny

Wischhusen

Saito

Héraud

et al. 2020

Life

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Selenium is an essential micronutrient and its metabolism is closely linked to the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway. The present study evaluated the effect of two different selenium supplements in the diet of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) broodstock on the one-carbon metabolism and the hepatic DNA methylation pattern in the progeny. Offspring of three parental groups of rainbow trout, fed either a control diet (NC, basal Se level: 0.3 mg/kg) or a diet supplemented with sodium selenite (SS, 0.8 mg Se/kg) or hydroxy-selenomethionine (SO, 0.7 mg Se/kg), were collected at swim-up fry stage. Our findings suggest that parental selenium nutrition impacted the methionine cycle with lower free methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and higher methionine synthase (mtr) mRNA levels in both selenium-supplemented treatments. DNA methylation profiling by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) identified differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in offspring livers. These DMCs were related to 6535 differentially methylated genes in SS:NC, 6890 in SO:NC and 7428 in SO:SS, respectively. Genes with the highest methylation difference relate, among others, to the neuronal or signal transmitting and immune system which represent potential targets for future studies.

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Section: Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the Dna Methylation Pattmentioning

confidence: 95%

Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Progeny

Wischhusen

Saito

Héraud

et al. 2020

Life

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“…Functional feeds containing essential oils, one of most commonly used group of phytogenics in aquafeeds, have received increased attention during these last years due to their antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-stress, and growth-promoting properties (3)(4)(5). Besides essential oils being repeatedly demonstrated to stimulate both humoral and cellular components of the fish innate immunity (6), numerous have been also shown to display a noteworthy antimicrobial activity against a wide range of fish pathogens (7,8), putting them on the spotlight for the development of sustainable prophylactics. Particularly, phytogenics derived from garlic (Allium sativum L., Alliaceae, Liliaceae), oregano (Oreganum vulgare, Labiateae), and thyme (Thymus vulgare, Labiateae) are among the most studied and administrated, due to their recognized health-promoting properties for aquatic species (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity

et al. 2021

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One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.

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“…The excessive use of antibiotics and chemotherapy has generated the development of antimicrobial‐resistant bacterial, antimicrobial residue in fish products, creating environmental threats, and changing the microflora structure and diversity of aquaculture environments (Alagawany et al, 2021; Dawood & Koshio, 2018; Sherif & Mahfouz, 2019). The extracts of herbs have been adopted by farmers as an environmentally friendly approach to improve the growth rate and control disease outbreaks in aquaculture (Abdel‐Latif et al, 2020; Dawood, Abdel‐Tawwab, et al, 2020; Elumalaia et al, 2020; Vazirzadeh et al, 2020). The results of the current study strongly encourage the application of CA in aquafeed as a functional feed supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary p ‐coumaric acid on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, humoral immunity and immune‐related gene expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2021

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The efficacy of p‐coumaric acid (CA) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, humoral immunity and immune gene expressions of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was tested in the present study. Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg CA for 56 days. According to regression analysis, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain (WG%) were polynomially related to dietary CA levels. The optimum p‐coumaric acid supplementation level, based upon these parameters, was 1.35%–1.44%. Furthermore, dietary CA supplementation at levels of 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg significantly improved the serum immune parameters (total Ig, lysozyme and ACH50). Dietary CA especially at 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg increased the intestinal IL‐8 and TNF‐α, while not affecting the expression of IL‐1β and lysozyme gene. The highest and lowest mortality rates 14 days postchallenge with A. hydrophila were recorded in fish fed control and 1.5 g/kg CA, respectively. In conclusion, the oral administration of CA especially at 1 and 1.5 g/kg inclusion levels has the potential to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune responses of common carp.

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Herbal Immunomodulators in Aquaculture

Cited by 152 publications

References 152 publications

Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Progeny

Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Progeny

Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity

Effects of dietary p ‐coumaric acid on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, humoral immunity and immune‐related gene expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

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