Herbal formula GAPT prevents beta amyloid deposition induced Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B imbalance in APPV717I mice

Shi, Jing; Zhang, Xuekai; Yin, Longwei; Wei, Mingqing; Ni, Jingnian; Li, Ting; Wang, Pengwen; Tian, Jinzhou; Wang, Yongyan

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1144-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Among them, GAPT, also called as GEPT or GETO in our previous papers, is a combination of herbal extracts and a patented Chinese herbal compound for AD. GAPT, composed of 4.4% ginsenoside from ginseng, 17.3% cistanche, 17.3% prepared Radix Rehmanniae, 13% processed Polygala tenuifolia , 13% Acorus gramineus , 13% Wide Radix Curcumae, 13% Poria cocos, and 9% Salvia officinalis (Shi et al, 2016; Tian et al, 2009), has been clinically widely used to improve learning and memory impairment. A single‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial shows that 75 patients with suspected dementia were treated with GAPT for 3 months, and 1‐year follow‐up showed that GAPT can significantly improve the memory test scores compared with placebo group (Tian, Zhu, & Zhong, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

et al. 2020

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Background Cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress are the crucial mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GAPT, also called GEPT (a combination of several active components extracted from the Chinese herbs ginseng, epimedium, polygala and tuber curcumae) or Jinsiwei, is a patented Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically widely used to improve learning and memory impairment, but whether it can play a neuroprotective role by protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury remains unclear. Methods Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine (3 mg/kg) to establish a learning and memory disordered model. An LC‐MS method was established to study the chemical compounds and in vivo metabolites of GAPT. After scopolamine injection, a step‐down passive‐avoidance test (SDPA) and a Y maze test were used to estimate learning ability and cognitive function. In addition, ELISA detected the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD). The protein expressions of AChE, ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 were observed by western blot, and the distribution of ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results After one‐half or 1 month of intragastric administration, GAPT can ameliorate scopolamine‐induced behavioral changes in learning and memory impaired mice. It can also decrease the activity of MDA and protein expression level of AChE, increase the activity of Ach, and increase activity and protein expression level of ChAT, SOD, and GPX in scopolamine‐treated mice. After one and a half month of intragastric administration of GAPT, echinacoside, salvianolic acid A, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg2, pachymic acid, and beta asarone could be absorbed into mice blood and pass through BBB. Conclusions GAPT can improve the learning and memory ability of scopolamine‐induced mice, and its mechanism may be related to protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

et al. 2020

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“…GAPT, a mixed Chinese herbal extracts, has shown effectively decrease the level of GSK-3β expression and Aβ accumulation via the inhibition of γ-secretase (presenilin-1) and promoting insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP) in APPV717I transgenic mice [ 16 , 17 ]. Other possible mechanisms also have been explored [ 18 , 19 ]. Based on these previous studies, GRAPE granule with analogous activity and active components to GAPT may make additional benefits to AD patients with the treatment of donepezil or memantine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Chinese herbal medicine to conventional therapy brings cognitive benefits to patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective analysis

Shi

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundConventional therapy (CT) such as donepezil and memantine are well-known short-term treatments for the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The efficacy of them, however, drops below baseline level after 9 months. In China, herbal therapy as a complementary therapy is very popular. Should conventional therapy combined with herbal therapy (CT + H) make add-on benefit?MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 344 outpatients diagnosed as probable dementia due to AD were collected, with the treatment of either CT + H or CT alone in clinical settings. All the patients were examined with coronary MRI scan. Cognitive functions were obtained by mini–mental state examination (MMSE) every 3 months with the longest follow-up of 24 months.ResultsMost of the patients were initially diagnosed with mild (MMSE = 21–26, n = 177) and moderate (MMSE = 10–20, n = 137) dementia. At 18 months, CT+ H patients scored on average 1.76 (P = 0.002) better than CT patients, and at 24 months, patients scored on average 2.52 (P < 0.001) better. At 24 months, the patients with improved cognitive function (△MMSE ≥ 0) in CT + H was more than CT alone (33.33% vs 7.69%, P = 0.020). Interestingly, patients with mild AD received the most robust benefit from CT + H therapy. The deterioration of the cognitive function was largely prevented at 24 months (ΔMMSE = −0.06), a significant improvement from CT alone (ΔMMSE = −2.66, P = 0.005).ConclusionsCompared to CT alone, CT + H significantly benefited AD patients. A symptomatic effect of CT + H was more pronounced with time. Cognitive decline was substantially decelerated in patients with moderate severity, while the cognitive function was largely stabilized in patients with mild severity over two years. These results imply that Chinese herbal medicines may provide an alternative and additive treatment for AD.

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“…The Editor has retracted this article [1]. Concerns were raised with a number of figures, specifically: Figure 1: the panels for Control, APP+D, APP+Gl and APP+Gh appear to be identical to the panels for Control, APP+D, APP+Gl and APP of Fig.…”

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Retraction Note: Herbal formula GAPT prevents beta amyloid deposition induced Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B imbalance in APPV717I mice

Shi

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Herbal formula GAPT prevents beta amyloid deposition induced Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B imbalance in APPV717I mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

Adding Chinese herbal medicine to conventional therapy brings cognitive benefits to patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective analysis

Retraction Note: Herbal formula GAPT prevents beta amyloid deposition induced Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B imbalance in APPV717I mice

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