Herbal ethosomal gel containing luliconazole for productive relevance in the field of biomedicine

Abstract

This study includes development, characterization, and optimization of herbal ethosomal formulation. The aim of the present study is to develop drug loaded ethosomes capped with Azadirachta indica (neem) which, was further incorporated in Carbopol 934 K thereby, resulting in the formation of ethosomal gel. The formulation is aimed to express effective treatment against fungal infection. The build was formulated using drug (Luliconazole), soyalecithin, ethanolic neem extract and propylene glycol. In total nine ethosomal, formulations of distinct concentrations of ingredients were processed, to determine out the optimized formulation among the all. Further the prepared drug loaded ethosomes were subjected to various evaluation parameters like particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI) and % entrapment efficiency. For the evaluation of its surface morphology, transmission electron microscopy was executed whereas, atomic force microscopy was carried out which contributes in detail and depth information of surface morphology. For the analysis of thermal behavior Thermal gravimetric analysis graph was obtained for luliconazole, soyalecithin, neem extract, physical mixture and optimized formulation (LF5). Attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy was performed for luliconazole, soyalecithin, neem extract, physical mixture, and optimized formulation (LF5) to examine the interaction between the drug and the excipients. Viscosity, pH, spreadability and extrudability of the ethosomal gel were calculated to determine the suitability of the formulation for topical application. In vitro drug permeation study and antifungal activity was executed out with the aid of Wistar albino rat skin model and tube dilution assay respectively. The complete study wrap up, that this herbal ethosomal approach provides advanced sustained and targeted delivery of luliconazole. On analyzing the results, ethosomal formulation LF5 was found to be optimized one, due to its optimum concentration of soyalecithin (300 mg) and ethanol (35%). Hence it has maximum entrapment efficiency of 86.56 ± 0.74%. Optimum vesicle size, zeta potential, and PDI were found to be 155.30 ± 1.2 nm, − 42.20 ± 0.3 mV, and 0.186 ± 0.07 respectively. In vitro drug permeation study expresses release of 83.45 ± 2.51 in 24 h whereas; the in vivo activity proved that LF5 is more active and effective against Candida parapsilosis in comparison to Aspergillus niger. In the end, it was estimated that ethosomal suspension and lyophilized ethosomal suspension was utmost stable at 4 °C/60 ± 5 RH. The complete study clearly indicates that the buildup of ethosomal formulation with luliconazole and neem extract show synergistic effect thereby, expressing excellent result against the treatment of fungal infection.

Luliconazole‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of superficial Tinea infections

“…Many researchers have worked on nanoparticulate systems such as nanosponges and microemulsion based gel 9,12 . Kumar et al worked on luliconazole nanocrystals loaded hydrogel for improvement of dissolution and anti‐fungal activity, 13 Dave et al reported improved dermal delivery of luliconazole from herbal ethosomal gel of luliconazole 14 and Kaur et al prepared vesicular‐based gel of luliconazole for enhanced topical delivery 11 . Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are an upgrade to the ordinary carrier systems such as microemulsions and liposomes as it offers advantage of exhibiting higher drug loading capacity, large surface area and small size 15 .…”

A Newfangled Collagenase Inhibitor Topical Formulation Based on Ethosomes with Sambucus nigra L. Extract

“…This variation was already observed in previous studies. As an example, Dave et al developed several ethosomes with gel formulations, but the most similar formula with this study revealed a viscosity of 7063 ± 2.8 cP [ 43 ]. Another example revealed that the addition of ethosomes in Carbopol gel affects its flow and viscoelastic behavior [ 44 ].…”

Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel of Repaglinide for Transdermal Delivery

“…A homogeneous thin film was obtained on the wall of the flask. The resulting drug-lipid film was then rehydrated with distilled water and appropriate concentration of ethanol [6][7][8][9]. First, preliminary formulation of ethosomes was prepared using different concentrations of ethanol (20-40%), lipid (30-50 mg) and cholesterol (0-5 mg).…”

“…A 1% w/w Carbopol 940 gel was prepared as vehicle for repaglanide ehosomes The ethosomal formulation was added to the hydrated carbopol solution, with stirring until a homogeneous ethosomal gel was obtained. pH of the gel was adjusted to neutral by triethanolamine and stirred slowly [7].…”