Herbal antioxidants and renal ischemic-reperfusion injury; an updated review

Abstract

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is a pathological condition due to transient restriction of blood flow to the kidneys, which is followed by the subsequent recovery of perfusion and re-oxygenation. RIR injury contributes to the progression of renal dysfunction including acute kidney injury (AKI) in native and renal allograft transplant. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress contributes to the occurrence of RIR. Hence, the use of antioxidant compounds can improve oxidative stress due to RIR. This review highlights herbal antioxidant efficacy against RIR injury. The findings of this study indicate that antioxidant compounds with herbal origin could reduce complications due to oxidative stress related to RIR through diminishing lipid peroxidation, decreased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzymes activity. Reducing oxidative stress with the pharmacological approach of antioxidants can be a desirable target for ameliorating RIR.

Protective effect of piperlongumine on inflammation and oxidative stress against ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal kidney

“…I/R injury also shows infl ammatory changes (27). This alteration worsens the conditions due to the accumulation of immune cells, and infl ammatory intermediaries to the tissues injured by ischemia/ reperfusion (28,29). Similar results were observed in the present study.…”

Assessment of the Anti-apoptotic Effects of Peganum harmala Leaf Extract on Type 2 Diabetes in the Kidney of Male Wistar Rats

“…Findings of a study have revealed that antioxidant plant-derived compounds could diminish complications due to oxidative stress and apoptosis and could enhance antioxidant enzymes activity (19). It has also been affirmed that treatment by flavone (20) and flavonoid (21) mitigates the renal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in diabetic rats, and inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney tissue.…”

“…It has also been explored that P. harmala leaf extracts benefit from antioxidant (25), antibacterial (26,27), and cytotoxic (28) activities due to polyphenol compositions. Considering the effective role of alkaloids and flavonoids in the inhibition of apoptosis (19)(20)(21)(22)(23) and very scant investigations of the anti-apoptotic properties of P. harmala, the current research was undertaken to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect of the leaf extract of P. harmala, based on its alkaloids and flavonoids, in type 2 diabetic model rats.…”

Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities—A Review

“…AGEs formation inhibition was also indicated in vitro by unprocessed and processed magnolia bark extract containing magnolol [57]. The beneficial effects of magnolol on the kidneys were mentioned likewise in other, non-diabetic research models that analyzed other markers of kidney damage related to apoptosis and oxidative stress [58,59]. Antidiabetic activity and the effect of Magnolia extracts on the basic parameters of oxidative stress in in vitro model lines can be found in Table 3a and antidiabetic activity and the effect of Magnolia extracts on the basic parameters of oxidative stress and lipids in in vivo animal models can be found in Table 3b.…”