Herbal antibacterial remedy against upper respiratory infection causing bacteria and in vivo safety analysis

Abstract

In the present study, the antibacterial activity and in vivo acute toxicity of five different extracts was analyzed. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and antibacterial activity of five different extracts, including Terminalia chebula, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, and Terminalia arjuna, against three different bacterial species, namely, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenza, and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method, respectively. The in vivo acute oral toxicity was analyzed by using Wistar rats. The antibacterial activity of different extracts was calculated by analyzing the zone of inhibition, and the maximum zone of 22 mm and minimum zone of 10 mm were observed against the different upper respiratory infections causing bacteria. The lowest MIC (0.8 mg/ml) found was of Camellia sinensis against the Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. No sign of toxicity and mortality was observed during the 14 days of study. The in vitro results of the tested extracts indicate that they possessed antibacterial activity and were found non-toxic. So, it can be used as an alternative for the treatment of upper respiratory infection-causing bacteria.

Evaluation of anti-biofilm, anti-quorum, anti-dysenteric potential of designed polyherbal formulation: in vitro and in vivo study

“…The oral acute toxicity of polyherbal formulation was performed according to the OECD 423 guidelines, and the result reveals that no hair loss, no behavioral change, no mortality, and no signs of toxicity were recorded during 14 days of observation (Singh and Agarwal, 2021a). The polyherbal formulation was devoid of any toxicity in rats, when given in doses of up to 2000 mg/kg.…”

“…In brief, an overnight E. coli, S. flexneri, S. enterica culture (OD 600 nm = 1) was grown with or without the formulations (concentrations varied from 0.1 mg/ml to 3.5 mg/ml) in LB medium for 24 h at 37 °C, in 96 well plates. Afterward, the concentration at which the growth of S. flexneri, S. enterica, E. coli was found inhibited was noted as the MIC for the designed formulation, and further experiments were carried out at sub-MIC concentration (Singh and Agarwal, 2021a).…”

The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties

“…According to data in the literature, the advancement of the epithelial barrier, increased adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, production of antibacterial substances, competitive exclusion of pathogens, simultaneous suppression of bacterial adhesion, and modulation of the immune system are some of the main mechanisms of action of probiotics [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Evaluation of Terminalia arjuna loaded in surfactant modified polycaprolactone nanofiber as an infection resistant matrix

“…Terminalia arjuna extract has been studied for a variety of applications, including cancer treatment, cardioprotective, hypotensive and hypolipidemic, and wound healing activity 5 . The medicinal properties of T. arjuna are antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity 6,7 . Khan et al 7 have studied the ethanolic extract of T. arjuna to determine phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.…”

“…5 The medicinal properties of T. arjuna are antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. 6,7 Khan et al 7 have studied the ethanolic extract of T. arjuna to determine phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extract has significant phytochemical contents (flavonoids and phenols), good antioxidant properties, and is effective against microbes.…”