Herbaceous-shrub species composition, diversity and soil attributes in moist grassland, shrub grassland and savanna in Central Brazil

Souza, Gabriella Ferreira de; Almeida, Raphael Ferreira; Bijos, Natália Rodrigues; Fagg, Christopher William; Munhoz, Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues

doi:10.1007/s40415-020-00672-x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Despite the negative influence of the grass species Tristachya leiostachya and Axonopus siccus on the shrub grassland richness, these species’ high cover is common in this vegetation type (Cianciaruso & Batalha, 2009). In the shrub grassland, graminoid and subshrub species form the dominating stratum (Souza et al, 2021), and below‐ground structures ensure their presence in the environment (Moraes et al, 2016; Pilon et al, 2021). Driven mainly by the encroachment of the shrub Raulinoreitzia tremula , shrub cover went from 0.89% to 10.63% during the study period (0.06–2 m; Appendix ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shrub grassland is located on a deep latosol with low fertility and deep groundwater (Munhoz & Felfili, 2006). Fire events were recorded in the grassland sites and almost all of the area of the FAL five months prior to the first inventory in August 1999 (Munhoz & Felfili, 2004, 2006) and in August 2011 (Souza et al, 2021). The anthropic pressures that the area faces involve changes in the hydrological regime due to the increase in the urban area and installation of central pivots nearby (Neves et al, 2017), the arrival of propagules of invasive exotic species, and factors related to the human presence around the area, such as fertilizer use and the occurrence of fire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to assess this variation and increase the degrees of freedom ( df ) for the statistical analyses we decided to subdivide each transect into 10‐m sections, which corresponded to 16 units in the shrub grassland and 11 in the moist grassland. Both areas were surveyed eight times, in 2000 (T0; Munhoz & Felfili, 2004, 2006), 2007 (T1; Amaral et al, 2013), 2009 (T2), 2011 (T3), 2012 (T4; Souza et al, 2021), 2014 (T5), 2018 (T6) and 2020 (T7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These grasslands can occur over dry (shrub grassland) or seasonally waterlogged soils (moist grassland), which are acidic and nutrient poor. Higher organic matter content and shallow groundwater are found in the moist grassland (Souza et al, 2021). Shallow groundwater tables are related to a decrease in the occurrence of woody species in Cerrado grasslands (Xavier et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in species richness and diversity, and shrub encroachment in Cerrado grasslands: A 20 years study

Souza

Ferreira

Munhoz

2022

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question:The Cerrado is a global biodiversity hotspot, highly threatened by changes in land use. Alterations in species composition and the colonization of Cerrado grasslands by woody species can lead to long-term changes in these communities. In this study, we investigated changes over 20 years in three grassland areas, in terms of species richness and diversity and growth-form cover, as well as the effects of shrub and grass encroachment on species richness.Location: Cerrado Brazilian savanna, moist grassland and dry shrub grassland. Areas under low and high anthropogenic pressure.Methods: Plant species composition and cover were sampled on seven occasions between the years 2000 and 2020, in permanent line-transects. We compared plant cover, richness, diversity and growth-form cover between the periods for each area.Next, we developed mixed-effect linear models to test whether species richness in grasslands at the latest sampling event was altered by species representing 70% of the species cover at this time.Results: Grasslands located in areas under higher anthropogenic pressure presented reduced richness and diversity, and cover concentrated on a few species of shrubs and large tussock grasses. Moist grassland undergoing encroachment by the native shrub Trembleya parviflora had lost over 50% of its diversity since encroachment. In the same area, a shrub grassland undergoing encroachment by native shrub Raulinoreitzia tremula, three native grass species and one exotic grass presented significantly reduced species richness. The moist grassland in an area under low anthropogenic pressure showed a reordering of the species cover over time, but a decrease in species richness. Conclusion:We observed changes in plant richness, diversity, cover, composition and growth-form cover over a period of 20 years in grassland communities. We found, however, different trajectories in the three grassland areas sampled, mainly due to the encroachment of a few species, leading to floristic homogenization in grasslands located in areas under high anthropogenic pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in species richness and diversity, and shrub encroachment in Cerrado grasslands: A 20 years study

Souza

Ferreira

Munhoz

2022

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…The species portfolio of the seed supply systems already includes plants that can dominate the ground layer of open ecosystems in the Cerrado. Previous studies have reported high ground cover by the grasses T. spicatus and E. inflexa in old-growth grasslands and savannas (de Souza et al, 2021;Nogueira et al, 2022;Teixeira et al, 2022). However, despite their ecological value, these species were not the most popular species for restoration, as evidenced by the RSC sales record.…”

Section: Cerrado's Major Seed Suppliers Have Unique and Complementary...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Toward diverse seed sourcing to upscale ecological restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado

et al. 2022

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Seed markets are vital to scaling up ecosystem restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado, home of the world’s most species-rich grasslands and savannas. We compiled lists of species traded by four major Cerrado seed supply systems to investigate the representativeness of the species currently available for seed-based restoration. We also identified whether dominant ground-layer species are being sourced for seed production. Seeds from 263 Cerrado species can be purchased for restoration, of which 68% are trees, particularly legumes (24%). 63% of the traded species were found in only one seed supply system. The five most dominant graminoids of the Cerrado ground layer were available for sale, but two additional species uncommon in old-growth areas represented 44% of the sales of a key seed trader in Central Brazil. The expansion of Cerrado seed supply systems should be supported to further increase the number of species on the market. Sourcing seeds from a diversity of herbaceous species is central to facilitating the restoration of species-rich grasslands and savannas in the Cerrado. Recovering the diversity and functioning of old-growth open ecosystems through seeds will depend on increasing the supply and demand for species typical of Cerrado’s ground layer.

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Environment, phylogeny, and photosynthetic pathway as determinants of leaf traits in savanna and forest graminoid species in central Brazil

et al. 2021

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Herbaceous-shrub species composition, diversity and soil attributes in moist grassland, shrub grassland and savanna in Central Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

Decrease in species richness and diversity, and shrub encroachment in Cerrado grasslands: A 20 years study

Decrease in species richness and diversity, and shrub encroachment in Cerrado grasslands: A 20 years study

Toward diverse seed sourcing to upscale ecological restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado

Environment, phylogeny, and photosynthetic pathway as determinants of leaf traits in savanna and forest graminoid species in central Brazil

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