HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Focus on Vaccine Development

Arab, Atefeh; Yazdian‐Robati, Rezvan; Behravan, Javad

doi:10.1007/s00005-019-00566-1

Cited by 63 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Other than ICIs, there are several types of immunotherapy all aiming to hit and kill cancer cells: cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, adaptive cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy [ 92 ]. The advantage of active immunotherapy, which is a relatively new and promising strategy, could be in urging the immune system (IS) to reactivate and support an effective anti-tumor surveillance.…”

Section: Sex and Effectiveness Of Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response

et al. 2020

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The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issue in the management of the disease, and studies investigating the role of sex and gender are becoming extremely urgent. Sex hormones are presumably the leading actors of sex differences in cancer, especially estrogens. They modulate gene expression, alter molecules and generate disparities in effectiveness and side effects of anticancer therapies. Recently immunotherapy aims to improve anticancer treatment strategies reducing off-target effects of chemotherapy and direct cancer cells killing. It is recognized as a fruitful strategy to treat and possible to cure cancer. Immunotherapeutic agents are used to activate or boost the activation of the immune system to fight cancer cells through physiological mechanisms often evaded in the offensive march of the disease. These therapeutic strategies have allowed new successes, but also have serious adverse effects including non-specific inflammation and autoimmunity. Sex and gender issues are of primary importance in this field, due to their recognized role in inflammation, immunity and cancer, and the clarification and understanding of these aspects is a necessary step to increase the responses and to diminish the adverse effects of immunotherapy. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in cancer immunotherapy, and will offer insights to stimulate the attention and practice of clinicians and researchers in a gender perspective of new cancer treatment strategies.

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Section: Sex and Effectiveness Of Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response

et al. 2020

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“…cancer have entered clinical trials, suggesting the advantages of combined medication (6). For the second category, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of ER, PR or HER2.…”

Section: -Aag Synergizes With Belinostat To Exhibit a Negative Effementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective ER inhibitors, such as Tamoxifen, and PR inhibitors, such as Mifepristone, are widely used in the clinical treatment of ER-positive and PR-positive breast cancer (5). For the clinical treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, the potent monoclonal HER2 antibody Herceptin and its derivatives are the most efficient therapy (6). Combinations of Herceptin with small-molecular drugs for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17‑AAG synergizes with Belinostat to exhibit a negative effect on the proliferation and invasion of MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells

Zuo

Chen

et al. 2020

Oncol Rep

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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that threaten the health of women. Although there are a few chemotherapies for the clinical treatment of breast cancer, these therapies are faced with the problems of drug-resistance and metastasis. Drug combination can help to reduce the adverse side effects of chemotherapies using single drugs, and also help to overcome common drug-resistance during clinical treatment of breast cancer. The present study reported the synergistic effect of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-AAG and the histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor Belinostat in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells, by detection of proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest following treatment with this combination. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data was collected and analyzed to investigate the synergistic mechanism of this combination. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways revealed by RNA-seq data analysis, a wound-healing assay was used to investigate the effect of this combination on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared with treatment with 17-AAG or Belinostat alone, both the viability inhibition and apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-231 cells were significantly enhanced in the combination group. The combination index values were <1 in three concentration groups. Revealed by the RNA-seq data analysis, the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the combination group were closely associated with cell migration. Based on these findings, the anti-migration effect of this combination was investigated. It was revealed that the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly suppressed in the combination group compared with in the groups treated with 17-AAG or Belinostat alone. In terms of specific genes, the mRNA expression levels of TEA domain family proteins were significantly decreased in the combination group, whereas the phosphorylation of YY1 associated protein 1 and modulator of VRAC current 1 was significantly enhanced in the combination group. These alterations may help to explain the anti-migration effect of this combination. Belinostat has already been approved as a treatment for T-cell lymphoma and 17-AAG is undergoing clinical trials. These findings could provide a beneficial reference for the clinical treatment of patients with TNBC.

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“…Since then, there have been attempts to design a vaccine for cancer. Among breast cancer types, HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes are most immunogenic [ 30 ]. Thus, for these types of cancer, activating the patient’s immune system is a promising approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccines, Treatment of the Future: With Emphasis on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Pallerla

Abdul²,

Comeau

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. With improvements in early-stage diagnosis and targeted therapies, there has been an improvement in the overall survival rate in breast cancer over the past decade. Despite the development of targeted therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as monoclonal antibodies and their toxin conjugates, all metastatic tumors develop resistance, and nearly one-third of HER2+ breast cancer patients develop resistance to all these therapies. Although antibody therapy has shown promising results in breast cancer patients, passive immunotherapy approaches have limitations and need continuous administration over a long period. Vaccine therapy introduces antigens that act on cancer cells causing prolonged activation of the immune system. In particular, cancer relapse could be avoided due to the presence of a longer period of immunological memory with an effective vaccine that can protect against various tumor antigens. Cancer vaccines are broadly classified as preventive and therapeutic. Preventive vaccines are used to ward off any future infections and therapeutic vaccines are used to treat a person with active disease. In this article, we provided details about the tumor environment, different types of vaccines, their advantages and disadvantages, and the current status of various vaccine candidates with a focus on vaccines for breast cancer. Current data indicate that therapeutic vaccines themselves have limitations in terms of efficacy and are used in combination with other chemotherapeutic or targeting agents. The majority of breast cancer vaccines are undergoing clinical trials and the next decade will see the fruitfulness of breast cancer vaccine therapy.

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HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Focus on Vaccine Development

Cited by 63 publications

References 145 publications

Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response

Sex and Gender Influences on Cancer Immunotherapy Response

17‑AAG synergizes with Belinostat to exhibit a negative effect on the proliferation and invasion of MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells

Cancer Vaccines, Treatment of the Future: With Emphasis on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

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