HER2/neu expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-C and lymphangiogenesis in lymph node-positive breast cancer

Abstract

Our data provide evidence for a clinically relevant association between HER2/neu and VEGF-C expression in human breast cancer. Inhibiting HER2/neu may reduce tumor progression by blocking VEGF-C-mediated tumor cell proliferation and lymphogenic metastasis.

Correlation between tumor suppressor inhibitor of growth family member 4 expression and microvessel density in breast cancer

“…In addition, higher MVD was correlated with breast cancer recurrence, suggesting that angiogenesis increases the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells [22][23][24]. Therefore, MVD has become the criterion standard for evaluating angiogenesis in solid tumors [25].…”

High VEGFC expression is associated with unique gene expression profiles and predicts adverse prognosis in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia

“…28,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Furthermore, in vivo, several studies have linked VEGFC to the progression of diverse cancer types (eg, lung adenocarcinoma, head and neck carcinomas, and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers). [38][39][40][41][42][43] A possible role for VEGFC in the pathogenesis of AML was for the first time suggested by Fiedler et al 5 who detected VEGFC and KDR/FLT-4 expression of AML blasts at protein and/or mRNA levels. In addition, VEGFC/FLT4 expression was found to be significantly higher in patients with AML compared with healthy controls with the use of immunohistochemical staining.…”

Her-2 in gastroesophageal cancer: pathobiology, diagnostic and therapeutic implications

“…Hofmann et al therefore suggested a very low threshold for the assessment of Her-status in gastroesophageal biopsies, recommending that a biopsy specimen should be considered as positive when a cluster of at least 5 positive cells is seen [28,31]. In a previous study of our group we compared Her-2 status of biopsies vs. subsequent surgical specimens, and could show that in about 25% of ACs the Her-2 status was not scored concordantly, mainly wrongly positive in biopsies [14]. Therefore the question is raised if it should be recommended to obtain multiple biopsies and test all of them for Her-2 status if the patient Review is a candidate for anti-Her-2 targeted therapy and no full size surgical specimen is or will become available, e.g.…”

“…Tumors with Her-2 overexpression present with increased invasiveness, elevated angio-and lymphangiogenesis, accelerated growth, a decreased rate of apoptosis and worse outcome [13,14]. Additionally, proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of Her-2 generates a truncated membrane-associated fragment with kinase activity [15], and high serum levels of the cleaved extracellular domain have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer [16,17].…”