Her-2 Breast Cancer Outcomes Are Mitigated by Consuming n-3 Polyunsaturated, Saturated, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Compared to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Abstract

Lifestyle habits, such as the consumption of a healthy diet, may prevent up to 30–50% of breast cancer (BC) cases. Dietary fats are of specific interest, as research provides strong evidence regarding the association of dietary fats and BC. However, there is limited research on the role of different types of fats including polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lifelong exposure to various dietary fats on mammary tumour development over a 20-week period. Female heterozygous MMTV-neu (ndl) YD5 mouse models were fed five maternal diets containing (1) 10% safflower oil (n-6 PUFA, control), (2) 3% menhaden oil + 7% safflower oil (marine n-3 PUFA, control), (3) 3% flaxseed + 7% safflower oil (plant-based n-3 PUFA), (4) 10% olive oil (MUFA), or (5) 10% lard (SFA). The primary measures, tumour latency, volume, and multiplicity differed by diet treatment in the following general order, n-6 PUFA > plant n-3 PUFA, SFA, MUFA > marine n-3 PUFA. Overall, these findings show that the quality of the diet plays a significant role influencing mammary tumour outcomes.

The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments

“…The eligibility analysis excluded a further five articles—three studies reported only in vitro results and two did not use the BC model. Thus, only 27 unduplicated full-text articles [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] were included in this systematic review, 19 from PubMed and 8 from Scopus, as shown in Figure 1 .…”

“…The breast tumor experimental model most used in the selected studies was the conventional tumor cell transplant in specific tissue regions of animal models (69%) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], followed by the model of spontaneous tumor generation using transgenic animals (17%) [ 40 , 41 , 47 , 52 , 55 , 56 ], and lastly, 14% of studies induced BC in the animal model by carcinogenic drug transplant [ 44 , 48 , 54 ].…”

“…All studies utilized the in vivo murine model—93% mice [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] and 7% in rats [ 48 , 54 ]. The breast tumor model by cell transplant was performed in 64% of studies using different cell sources, 70% from humans [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 45 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] and 30% from mice [ 39 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 53 , 57 ], and in 17% of studies, transgenic animals developed the tumor spontaneously [ 40 , 41 , 47 , …”

Contribution of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to the Prevention of Breast Cancer Risk Factors

“…In addition, DHA may alter the biophysical properties of lipid rafts by decreasing the content of cholesterol and the distribution of key proteins, such as EGFR, Src, heterotrimeric G-protein subunits, or sphingomyelinase. Indeed, the disruption of lipid raft domains following DHA-treatment was shown in MDA-MB-231 cells, and was The influence of lifelong exposure to various dietary fats on mammary tumor development was investigated by using the mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 model, which is a murine equivalent to human HER2+ breast cancer, over a 20-week period [43]. The results highlighted the influence of diet on mammary tumor outcome, and specifically showed that the occurrence of HER2+ breast cancer is attenuated by the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [43] (Figure 2).…”

“…Indeed, the disruption of lipid raft domains following DHA-treatment was shown in MDA-MB-231 cells, and was The influence of lifelong exposure to various dietary fats on mammary tumor development was investigated by using the mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 model, which is a murine equivalent to human HER2+ breast cancer, over a 20-week period [43]. The results highlighted the influence of diet on mammary tumor outcome, and specifically showed that the occurrence of HER2+ breast cancer is attenuated by the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [43] (Figure 2). Previously, the same group had shown the beneficial effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs in reducing the risk of breast cancer by altering the early development of the mammary gland.…”