HEPN-MNT Toxin-Antitoxin System: The HEPN Ribonuclease Is Neutralized by OligoAMPylation

Songailienė, Inga; Juozapaitis, J.; Tamulaitiene, G.; Rukšėnaitė, Audronė; Šulčius, Sigitas; Sasnauskas, Giedrius; Venclovas, C̆eslovas; Šikšnys, Virginijus

doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.034

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…One identified TA pair was predicted as an MNT/HEPN-like system, which is common to thermophiles ( 38 ). MNT (minimal nucleotidyltransferase)-type antitoxins inactivate their cognate HEPN (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding) ribonucleases by AMPylation ( 39 ). The remaining TAs were identified as the VapBC type, including Saci_2184 (referred to here as VapB14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin

Lewis

Willard

Manesh

et al. 2023

mBio

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin

Lewis

Willard

Manesh

et al. 2023

mBio

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“…A second example of inactivation via post‐translational modification is the poly‐adenylation found in the mntA‐hepT family 47,48 . In this case, binding of antitoxin MntA is insufficient to fully inhibit HepT toxicity and the antitoxin MntA additionally functions as an adenylyltransferase.…”

Section: Regulation Of Toxin Activity By the Antitoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryote toxin–antitoxin modules: Complex regulation of an unclear function

2021

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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are small operons in bacteria and archaea that encode a metabolic inhibitor (toxin) and a matching regulatory protein (antitoxin). While their biochemical activities are often well defined, their biological functions remain unclear. In Type II TA modules, the most common class, both toxin and antitoxin are proteins, and the antitoxin inhibits the biochemical activity of the toxin via complex formation with the toxin. The different TA modules vary significantly regarding structure and biochemical activity. Both regulation of protein activity by the antitoxin and regulation of transcription can be highly complex and sometimes show striking parallels between otherwise unrelated TA modules. Interplay between the multiple levels of regulation in the broader context of the cell as a whole is most likely required for optimum fine-tuning of these systems. Thus, TA modules can go through great lengths to prevent activation and to reverse accidental activation, in agreement with recent in vivo data. These complex mechanisms seem at odds with the lack of a clear biological function.

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“…The type II, IV, V, VI, and VII TA system toxins and antitoxins are proteins. Antitoxin proteins block the toxicity of the toxins via the following mechanisms: direct protein–protein interactions (type II) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], compete with and remove the toxin from its target (type IV) [ 7 , 8 ], cleave the toxin mRNA (type V) [ 9 ], promote toxin degradation (type VI) [ 10 ], or regulate post-translational chemical modifications (type VII) [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type II Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Guo

Song

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are typically composed of a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin; the latter counteracts the toxicity of the former under suitable conditions. TA systems are classified into eight types based on the nature and molecular modes of action of the antitoxin component so far. The 10 pairs of TA systems discovered and experimentally characterised in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are type II TA systems. Type II TA systems have various physiological functions, such as virulence and biofilm formation, protection host against antibiotics, persistence, plasmid maintenance, and prophage production. Here, we review the type II TA systems of P. aeruginosa, focusing on their biological functions and regulatory mechanisms, providing potential applications for the novel drug design.

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HEPN-MNT Toxin-Antitoxin System: The HEPN Ribonuclease Is Neutralized by OligoAMPylation

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin

Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin

Prokaryote toxin–antitoxin modules: Complex regulation of an unclear function

Type II Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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