Hepatotoxic Effects of Atrazine on Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): Biochemical and Histopathological Studies

Protective effects of taurocholic acid on excessive hepatic lipid accumulationviaregulation of bile acid metabolism in grouper

“…9 As an increase in the activities of the ALT and AST enzyme may be mainly due to the leakage of both from the liver cytosol into the bloodstream as a result of liver damage, the alterations of AST and/or ALT could be regarded as biomarkers of liver function in fish studies. 34 Similarly, the HD also induced lipid accumulation (higher content of crude lipid and TG), liver abnormalities (nuclear migration and hepatocyte vacuolization) and liver impairment (higher mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors and lower expression of anti-inflammatory factors, elevated serum AST and ALT) of hybrid grouper in this study. The improvement of the hepatic histological structure, immune response and hepatic impairment indicated that the TCA supplementation positively affected the health of the liver.…”

“…Liver tissue morphology and unstained areas of fat vacuoles were observed under a light microscope with 200× magnification (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). In order to classify the organ index results according to the severity of the histological response, the results were evaluated as follows, according to a classification system based on the scoring scheme in previous studies: 33,34 Class 1 (index < 10)normal tissue structure with slight histological alterations;…”

Atrazine Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Adult Male Mice

“…A trazine (2 chloro 4 ethylamino 6 isopropylamino 1, 3, 5-triazine) is the second most commonly used herbicide with an annual consumption of 70,000-90,000 tons (Lizotte et al, 2017;Neequaye, 2019;Singh et al, 2018). It is a major contaminant of soil, water resources, and plants with a half-life of 30-740 days (Gely-Pernot et al, 2017; liver, disrupting the normal structural and architectural components in a non-infectious hepatic injury (Opute and Oboh, 2021). Histopathological liver sections of adult Xenopus laevis exposed to different concentrations of Atrazine, showed hypertrophied hepatocytes, vascular congestion and dilation, disorganization in the arrangement of hepatic cords, apoptosis and/or necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, with highest concentrations, showed most severe effects (Sena, 2017).…”

Cytotoxic Effects of the Atrazine Herbicide on Erythrocytes and Liver Damage in Lithobates spectabilis

“…Necrosis is related to the loss of cytoplasm and nuclei [41]. Hepatocyte and parenchymal necrosis caused by atrazine Gesaprim ® could have been due to the alteration of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase, as observed in fish exposed to atrazine [65]. It has been determined that the alteration of this enzyme causes hepatocyte necrosis [66].…”