Hepatorenal solvent toxicology

Phillips, Scott; Waksman, Javier C.

doi:10.1016/j.coem.2004.03.012

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Exposure to chlorinated solvents has been associated with kidney and liver damage in case reports for 80 years and has been studied more systematically for about 20 years 22,23 . Case–control and cross‐sectional exposed‐referent studies have examined somatic cell mutations and kidney proteins in the urine of individuals exposed and unexposed to chlorinated solvents; however, differences between solvent‐exposed and ‐unexposed individuals in levels of various proteins in the urine have not been related to clinical signs of kidney damage 24–40 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20][21] Exposure to chlorinated solvents has been associated with kidney and liver damage in case reports for 80 years and has been studied more systematically for about 20 years. 22,23 Case-control and cross-sectional exposed-referent studies have examined somatic cell mutations and kidney proteins in the urine of individuals exposed and unexposed to chlorinated solvents; however, differences between solvent-exposed and -unexposed individuals in levels of various proteins in the urine have not been related to clinical signs of kidney damage. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Although inhalation is the main route of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents, there is very little literature on short-or long-term effects on the respiratory system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Health Effects of Occupational Chlorinated Solvent Exposure

Ruder

2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Based on toxicology, metabolism, animal studies, and human studies, occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic solvents (methanes, ethanes, and ethenes) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, including central nervous system, reproductive, liver, and kidney toxicity, and carcinogenicity. However, many of these solvents remain in active, large-volume use. This article reviews the recent occupational epidemiology literature on the most widely used solvents, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, and discusses other chlorinated aliphatics. The impact of studies to date has been lessened because of small study size, inability to control for confounding factors, particularly smoking and mixed occupational exposures, and the lack of evidence for a solid pathway from occupational exposure to biological evidence of exposure, to precursors of health effects, and to health effects. International differences in exposure limits may provide a "natural experiment" in the coming years if countries that have lowered exposure limits subsequently experience decreased adverse health effects among exposed workers. Such decreases could provide some evidence that higher levels of adverse health effects were associated with higher levels of solvent exposure. The definitive studies, which should be prospective biomarker studies incorporating body burden of solvents as well as markers of effect, remain to be done.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%