Hepatoprotective potential of kumaryasava and its concentrate against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in Wistar rats

Abstract

Objective:Kumaryasava (KS) is a marketed Ayurvedic formulation containing Aloe vera as the main ingredient. It has been used widely for the treatment of liver disorders; however, there is a lack of modern scientific data on hepatoprotection. The recommended dose of KS is high and up to 60 mL/day. The present study describes the preparation of new KS concentrate and evaluation of comparative hepatoprotective activity of KS and prepared KS concentrate at one-third of KS dose against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity.Materials and Methods:Animals were divided into different groups (n = 6). The first group received normal saline (control) 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. for 10 days. The second group (toxicant) was given normal saline 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. for 10 days with CCl4 in olive oil (1:1 v/v) at 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. Third, fourth, and fifth groups received KS, KS concentrate and a marketed formulation as standard) at doses of 5.0 mL/Kg/day p.o., 1.6 mL/Kg/day p.o., and 100 mL/Kg/day p.o. (tablet suspended in water using 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose) respectively for 10 days along with CCl4 as given to the toxicant group. On the 11th day, blood was withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus and serum was separated for biochemical estimation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin levels. Later, animals were sacrificed under high dose of anesthesia to remove liver tissue, which were removed and washed with ice cold saline for the estimation of lipid peroxidation. Liver tissue from each group was also fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological analysis.Results:Results demonstrated that both KS and KS concentrate showed the protection against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity. This was evident from the reduction in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels, and elevation in serum albumin levels observed post treatment of CCl4 treated rats with KS and KS concentrate, which were supported by histopathological data.Conclusion:KS concentrate can be a useful hepatoprotective formulation which may help in reducing the high dose of KS to approximately one-third of the recommended dose.

Licochalcone E protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

“…The results show that LCE suppressed the CCl 4 -induced increase in AST, ALT, CRP, and TNF-α levels. CCl 4 is a well-known hepatotoxin, which is widely used to induce toxic liver injury and to study cellular mechanisms behind oxidative damages in laboratory animals ( 17 ). CCl 4 -induced liver damage has been studied in mice and rats, and findings show a significant elevation of the serum aminotransferase (e.g., AST and ALT) levels ( 18 , 19 ).…”

BioMapAI: Artificial Intelligence Multi-Omics Modeling of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

“…Several networks linked with emotional dysregulation and fatigue -again underscoring the gut-brain axis 47 -differed significantly in patients vs. controls, including decreased butyrate production -especially from the pyruvate 56 and glutarate 57 sub-pathwaysand branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, which lost or reversed their interactions with Th17, Treg cells, and plasma lipids while gaining interactions with inflammatory immune cells including γδ T and CD8+ MAIT cells in patients; and increased microbial benzoate, synthesized by Clostridia sp. 58 , 59 then converted to hippurate in the liver 60 , 61 , showed a strong positive correlation with plasma hippurate in long-term ME/CFS patients, supporting enhanced pathway activity in later stages of the disease. This change altered its interactions with numerous plasma metabolites, including steroids, phenols, BCAAs, fatty acids, and vitamins B5 and B6.…”

Protective activity of kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana) vine on chemically-induced hepatotoxicity: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…So, CCl 4 is conventionally used to induce liver toxicity, to allow the testing of drugs for their hepatoprotective property. The CCl 4 treatment elevates the levels of plasma enzymes ALT and AST, which are indicators of cellular leakage and loss of functional integrity of cell membranes in the liver [ 30 , 31 ]. The activities of ALT and AST were significantly suppressed after the administration of kudzu vine extracts in the present study.…”