Hepatoprotective efficacy of gallic acid during Nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver inflammation in Wistar rats

Evaluation of the Liver Cancer Prevention of Anthocyanin Extracts from Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Variety PR-01

“…The past research suggested that mulberry water extracts may serve as liver protective agents [4] [25]. In this study, the elevated activity of ALT, AST, TBiL, ALP, and GGT are indicative of poor hepatic function in the NDEA alone treated animals compared to the control animals (Table 4), as reported by Latief et al [26]. After treated with MAEs, the levels of the elevated liver function enzymes above mentioned were significantly restored in MAEs-75…”

Resveratrol attenuates Nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury in anti-inflammatory mannerviaregulating cyclooxygenase-2

“…We observed that administering this dose of NDEA in rats for 14 days significantly increases Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and TBil (~6.44×, ~3.34×, ~3.25 × and ~1.75 × respectively) along with the relative HSI values, as compared to controls. The observed elevations in the activity of hepatic enzymes in the liver of NDEA‐treated rats are in agreement with the previous reports and indicate hepatic dysfunctioning (Ahmad & Ahmad, ; Latief, Husain, Mukherjee, & Ahmad, ; Linza et al, ; Mukherjee & Ahmad, ; Zhang, Zeng, Zhao, Yu, Zhu, & Xie, ). Besides, depleted levels of glycogen were noted in NDEA‐treated animals which is a significant indicator of impaired glycogen metabolism and deficient reabsorption by hepatocytes (Ahmad & Ahmad, ; George & Chandrakasan, ).…”

“…It is established that MDA is a secondary product of lipid peroxidation and an increased level of LPO along with the decline in SOD and ATPase activities is a clear indication of oxidative damage and weakening of antioxidant system (Ahmad & Ahmad, ). Further, changes in these parameters demonstrate free radical imposed disruption of hepatocellular membrane integrity that ultimately leads to hepatocytes damage (Latief, Husain, Mukherjee, & Ahmad, ; Mukherjee & Ahmad, ). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiates the LPO in the biological membranes, thereby weakening antioxidant system and leading to liver injuries and subsequent fibrosis (Nordmann, ; Ohara et al, ).…”

“…In our study, NDEA‐provoked ROS generation which augments PGE2 production through utilization of arachidonic acid and other endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, thereby causing up‐regulating of COX‐2. Published literature demonstrates anti‐fibrotic and anti‐inflammatory role of phytoingredients (Ahmad & Ahmad, ; Latief, Husain, Mukherjee, & Ahmad, ; Menon & Sudheer, ; Pietta, ) proposing COX‐2 inhibition via declining NFκB and AP1 transcription factor during liver inflammation (George, Rao, Stern, & Chandrakasan, ). Since NDEA caused rapid elevation in LPO (of non‐essential fatty acids) and free radical generation, we understand that the enhanced COX‐2 activity in these animals is the result of free radical and peroxides generation which provoked inflammation to favor PGE2 synthesis.…”

Aqueous leaves extract of Madhuca longifolia attenuate diclofenac‐induced hepatotoxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cytokines

“…46 Our study has shown the elevation of COX-2 and NF-κB on DFC-induced rat, which is also similar to other studies. 48 DFC is reported to cause DNA fragmentation by the activity of caspase inhibitor. It is known that the caspase-3 will get activated during cell death and liver injury.…”