Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats

Abstract

Background: Cancer is the primary cause of mortality and a significant medical problem affecting life expectancy. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive medication that effectively treats cancers. Several side effects on the body, such as hepatotoxicity, limit its use. The study aims to assess the possible protective effect of silymarin on liver-induced hepatotoxicity caused by cyclophosphamide in rats. Materials and methods: 30 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group, Cyclophosphamide group, and Cyclophosphamide plus silymarin group. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, and blood analysis was done to assay the liver functions. Also, fresh liver specimens were split and processed for further tissue and histopathological studies. Results: Rats exposed to CP had significantly lower levels of antioxidant system and higher levels of liver enzymes, markers of free radicals, and apoptosis compared to the control group. While rats exposed to CP plus silymarin had higher levels of antioxidant system and lower levels of liver enzymes, markers of free radicals, and apoptosis compared to that in CP only group. The histopathological changes in the rats' liver on exposure to CP revealed dilated congested central veins and portal tracts; both showed infiltration of acute inflammatory cells. Some hepatocytes appear swollen, with the presence of hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei. While rats exposed to CP plus silymarin had fewer structural changes than the only group. Conclusion: Silymarin ameliorated the cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.