Hepatoprotective effect of the solvent extracts of Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. against CCl4 induced toxicity through antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity

Abstract

Background Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. exhibits analgesic, antimalarial and antispasmodic activities. It is used folklorically for the treatment of liver diseases, hypertension, malaria and cancer. The current study investigates phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of solvent extracts of whole plant of Viola canescens. MethodsPhytochemicals, acute toxicity study and antioxidant activity of Viola canescens methanolic extract (VCME), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and partially purified EAF (90% EAF and combination of 80% EAF + 20% methanol fraction (EAF + Me) was carried out. Hepatoprotective activity of VCME, EAF (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and partially purified EAF (50 mg/kg body weight) was investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated BALB/c mice for 7 days. Membrane stabilization effect was determined by hypotonic solution induced hemolysis while DNA ladder assay was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.ResultsPhytochemical screening of VCME showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and triterpenes. VCME, EAF (at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and partially purified EAF (90% EAF and EAF + Me) at 50 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the level of ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and restored the level of serum protein in comparison to CCl4 treated group. A significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevation in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was observed in extract treated animals as compared to CCl4 (p < 0.05). The IC50 values in membrane stabilization potential for VCME, EAF and sodium salicylate were 3.7 ± 0.11, 3.4 ± 0.15 and 3.2 ± 0.09 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, CCl4 induced degradation of DNA was counteracted by VCME and EAF. The liver biopsy of mice treated with the solvent extracts showed remarkable restoration of normal histological archeitecture.Conclusions Viola canescens showed significant hepatoprotective potential due to its antioxidant and membrane stabilization effect.

Phytochemical Screening, Investigation of the toxic and hepatoprotective effect of leaves ofPrunus africana-using mice model

“…It has been demonstrated that terpenoids prevent the growth of certain microorganisms, including Candida albicans (14). An antioxidant impact linked to inflammation, autoimmune illnesses, cataracts, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, aging, and arteriosclerosis has been demonstrated by the extract’s flavonoid content (29). However, it has been discovered that the extract’s alkaloids have analgesic, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, anti-malarial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties (21).…”

“…To assess the possible toxic effect of a drug, evaluation of hepatic and renal function is primarily preferred as these organs are functionally predisposed. Elevated serum levels of enzymes produced by the liver or nitrogenous wastes to be excreted by the kidney might be an indication of their spillage into the bloodstream as a result of necrosis of the tissues (29). It was thus important to investigate the effect of P. africana on the function of these organs.…”

The Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Prenanthes purpurea L. and Caffeoylquinic Acids in Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity on HEP-G2 Cells

“…In vitro models of diclofenac-induced toxicity on both isolated animal hepatocytes and immortalized hepatic cell lines have been extensively used to study the molecular basis of DILI and the possible mechanisms of liver protection and regeneration by pharmacological and natural remedies [ 7 , 14 , 15 ]. About 50% of the hepatoprotective products and additives used nowadays are of plant origin, many of which have undergone clinical trials targeting patient groups with different liver conditions, including silymarin, picroside, phyllanthin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and berberine, among others [ 14 , 16 ]. Many food and medicinal plants are evidenced to be abundant in polyphenolic phytochemicals with a prominent ROS scavenging capacity and other biologically active constituents with the ability to boost antioxidant enzyme activity and modulate gene expression and cell survival pathways [ 16 , 17 ].…”

“…About 50% of the hepatoprotective products and additives used nowadays are of plant origin, many of which have undergone clinical trials targeting patient groups with different liver conditions, including silymarin, picroside, phyllanthin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and berberine, among others [ 14 , 16 ]. Many food and medicinal plants are evidenced to be abundant in polyphenolic phytochemicals with a prominent ROS scavenging capacity and other biologically active constituents with the ability to boost antioxidant enzyme activity and modulate gene expression and cell survival pathways [ 16 , 17 ].…”