Hepatoprotective effect of fermented ginseng and its major constituent compound K in a rat model of paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced liver injury

Igami, Kentaro; Shimojo, Yosuke; Ito, Hisatomi; Miyazaki, Toshitsugu; Kashiwada, Yoshiki

doi:10.1111/jphp.12342

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, ingesting the pre‐metabolized active ingredients of ginsenosides is expected to be more effective. Based on this idea, fermented ginseng (FG) containing an increased amount of compound K (CK) was produced by combining ginseng with Lactobacillus paracasei A221 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei A221‐fermented ginseng on impaired spatial memory in a rat model with cerebral ischemia and β‐amyloid injection

Nagao

Yamano

Imagawa

et al. 2019

Traditional & Kampo Medicine

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Aim: Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine, has been shown to prevent the progression of dementia, but its therapeutic effects vary because ginseng's components must first be activated by intestinal bacteria before being absorbed into the blood. We therefore focused on a fermented ginseng (FG), which contains activated components prepared by Lactobacillus paracasei A221, and compared its effects with those of non-FG. In this study, we investigated whether FG is effective on spatial memory impairment in rats. Methods: Rats with spatial memory impairment were prepared with transient cerebral ischemia and intraventricular injection of β-amyloid 1-42 for 7 days (CI + Aβ). Oral FG or non-FG was given for 7 days after the cerebral ischemia. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM). We observed neuronal neuclei-positive cells to assess hippocampal neuron loss, and investigated the protein expression of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 for neuronal apoptosis, ionized calciumbinding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) for microglia, and glial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes. Results: FG treatment in the CI + Aβ-operated rats shortened the extended time to reach the platform in the MWM, whereas non-FG treatment did not affect the extended time. FG ameliorated loss of hippocampal cornu amonis (CA)1 neurons and the increase in caspase-3 and Iba-1 in the CI + Aβ-operated rats. Conclusion: FG improved spatial memory impairment in CI + Aβ-operated rats. The effect of FG might be attributed to the amelioration of apoptotic neuronal cell death and the inactivation of microglia. FG is a more useful treatment for patients with cognitive dysfunction than non-FG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei A221‐fermented ginseng on impaired spatial memory in a rat model with cerebral ischemia and β‐amyloid injection

Nagao

Yamano

Imagawa

et al. 2019

Traditional & Kampo Medicine

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“…For instance, recent studies reported multiple pharmacological functions of deglycosylated ginsenosides including IH‐901, ginsenoside F 2 , ginsenoside Rg 3 , and ginsenoside Rh 2 such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti‐allergic, anti‐inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. These functions were demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments (Park and others ; Guan and others ; Kim and others ; Igami and others ). Moreover, the skin care effects such as antimelanogenic, skin whitening, and antiwrinkle effects of the metabolites were demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Antimelanogenesis Activity of Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract (GINST) via Inhibition of JNK Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase in B16F10 Cells

Han¹,

Sung²,

Lee³

2016

Journal of Food Science

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GINST is a hydrolyzed ginseng extract produced by an in vitro process that imitates the metabolic function of bacteria in the human digestive track and has approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Additionally, GINST has been reported to have other physiological functions including anti-aging and antioxidant effects. The objectives of this study are to compare the antimelanogenic effects of fresh ginseng extract (FGE) and GINST extract and to elucidate the functional mechanism. The concentration of total ginsenosides in FGE and GINST was measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with a C18 column. B16F10 cells were treated with FGE and GINST for 72 h to assess melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and protein levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). The activity of kinases involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), were measured using western blots. While neither FGE nor GINST inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase directly, GINST decreased melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity markedly. Furthermore, our results indicate that GINST downregulated the levels of MITF and TRP-1 possibly by suppressing JNK signaling. We concluded that, when compared to FGE, GINST has a superior antimelanogenic effect mediated by the downregulation of MITF, TRP-1, and intracellular tyrosinase activity via the JNK signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that GINST has the potential to be used as a novel skin whitening agent.

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“…This result may be explained by compound K, one of the major ginsenoside constituents of fermented ginseng, playing an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting signal transmission of JNK in the liver (30). Kim et al reported (31) that oxidative stress in the liver leads to inflammation via JNK activation, promoting inflammatory cytokine production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 12-week, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liver function after using fermented ginseng powder (GBCK25)

Hwang

Park

Choi

et al. 2020

Food & Nutrition Research

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Hepatoprotective effect of fermented ginseng and its major constituent compound K in a rat model of paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced liver injury

Abstract: FG was shown to possess hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol (APAP)-induced liver injury better than FRG. Compound K might play an important role for an anti-inflammatory activity of FG by inhibiting JNK signalling in the liver.

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei A221‐fermented ginseng on impaired spatial memory in a rat model with cerebral ischemia and β‐amyloid injection

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei A221‐fermented ginseng on impaired spatial memory in a rat model with cerebral ischemia and β‐amyloid injection

Antimelanogenesis Activity of Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract (GINST) via Inhibition of JNK Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase in B16F10 Cells

A 12-week, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liver function after using fermented ginseng powder (GBCK25)

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