Hepatoma-targeting and reactive oxygen species-responsive chitosan-based polymeric micelles for delivery of celastrol

Nanostructures in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for potential therapy

“…44,48,58 In contrast, benefiting from their capacity for co-delivery and targeting owing to their unique lipid bilayers, amphiphilic polymer micelles 180 and liposomes 181 incorporating CHMs are more extensively used in anti-tumor therapy. 3,85,94,101 CDs and nanofibers based on CHMs have strong anti-inflammatory effects and promote wound healing. 35,106,167 Therefore, because CHMs have a lower toxicity and a stronger synergistic effect than many synthetic drugs and, furthermore, operate under the premise of ''multi-component, multi-target'', oral formulations of CHMs can form the basis of a prospective method for new drug development.…”

“…It can effectively inhibit tumor growth and does not damage organs. 101 A naturally occurring compound called GA, found in licorice, exhibits a strong attraction towards the liver. 149,150 GA has been used in a variety of delivery systems targeting HCC, including GA-modified chitosan nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes.…”

“…Resveratrol is designed as ROS-responsive micelles, which penetrated hepatic stellate cells for delivery into the target organ to treat liver fibrosis, demonstrating the great potential of CHM-derived micelles for targeting liver diseases. 100 The same function of ROS-responsive micelles is applied to target hepatoma by loading celastrol into a glycyrrhetinic acid-modified CMCS–thioketal–rhein conjugate 101 and to target inflammatory bowel diseases by incorporating aryl boronic ester as a responsive linker of covalently linked quercetin and biocompatible glycol chitosan. 102 Vinegar baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) has the ability to guide drugs to the liver, and thus it is co-administered with 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded polymer micelles to enhance HCPT liver targeting.…”

Dual natural antioxidant‐loaded chitosan‐graft‐oleic acid micelles by ultrasound‐assisted self‐assembly: Potential additives for antioxidant active packaging

“…Introducing hydrophobic moieties into chitosan molecules is an attractive approach to forming chitosan‐based micelles 15–20 . These micelle systems are focused on the encapsulation of a single antioxidant 10,16,21–24 . For example, in our previous study, chitosan‐graft‐polylactic acid micelles were fabricated to encapsulate hydrophobic β‐carotene with enhanced water solubility and storage stability 25 .…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] These micelle systems are focused on the encapsulation of a single antioxidant. 10,16,[21][22][23][24] For example, in our previous study, chitosan-graft-polylactic acid micelles were fabricated to encapsulate hydrophobic β-carotene with enhanced water solubility and storage stability. 25 However, single antioxidant encapsulation still suffers from the drawbacks of low entrapment efficiency, insufficient loading content and limitations of functionality.…”