Hepatogenous photosensitisation in fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>) in New Zealand

Smith, B. L.; Asher, G. W.; Thompson, K. G.; Hoggard, G.K.

doi:10.1080/00480169.1997.36001

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Species affected by facial eczema animals other than sheep and cattle were shown to have, with small variations, the same lesions after sporidesmin dosing: guinea pigs (Synge & White 1960), rabbits (Thompson et al 1983;Clare & Mortimer 1964), rats (Mortimer 1965), mice (Mortimer 1970), red and fallow deer (Mortimer & Smith 1981 ;Smith et al 1997), goats (Smith & Embling 1991) and alpaca (Coulton et al 1997). Hum (2005) reported a putative case of sporidesmin poisoning in a kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) based on clinical and histological findings, the occurrence of facial eczema on neighbouring properties, and lack of access to Lupinus sp.…”

Section: Toxicokinetics Of Sporidesmin Disposition In the Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis) research

Menna

Smith²,

Miles

2009

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis), a photosensitisation of ruminants grazing pasture, has been known in New Zealand for over 100 years, but its cause, a toxin produced by a largely saprophytic fungus, Pithomyces chartarum, growing on litter at the base of pasture and sporing profusely under warm moist conditions in late summer and autumn, was found only 50 years ago. As the fungus spores it produces the toxin sporidesmin which, when eaten by sheep, cattle, goats or deer, causes liver injury with inflammation and blockage of bile ducts. Phylloerythrin, a photodynamic breakdown product of chlorophyll, is no longer excreted but circulates in the blood, causing lesions of unpigmented skin when the affected animal is exposed to sunlight. Lesions do not appear until at least a week after sporidesmin has been ingested, and this lag period delayed discovery of the causative agent, first thought to have been an abnormal metabolite of rapidly growing ryegrass. However, before the role of P. chartarum was discovered, the pathology of the disease had been described, toxic extracts had been made from herbage mown from pastures A08061; Online publication date 21 October 2009 Received 8 October 2008 accepted 4 September 2009 associated with facial eczema outbreaks, and the weather conditions preceding outbreaks had been defined. When the causative agent was identified, cultures of P. chartarum on artificial media produced sporidesmin for chemical characterisation and animal dosing trials. Control of facial eczema in the field was first by avoiding toxic pasture, detected by P. chartarum spore counts on herbage, later by reducing P. chartarum pasture populations by spray application of substituted thiabendazole fungicides, and later still by protecting animals with oral doses of zinc at close to toxic levels. Sheep vary widely in their sensitivity to sporidesmin, either under field conditions in facial eczema outbreaks or when dosed orally with sporidesmin, and breeding resistant animals by selection after sporidesmin challenge is the best long-term control method at present. Whilst facial eczema outbreaks have been most severe in New Zealand, the disease has been reported from an increasing number of countries with warm temperate climates in which ruminants are intensively grazed on pasture. The great majority of New Zealand isolates of P. chartarum produce sporidesmin, but varying proportions of those in other countries do not.

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Section: Toxicokinetics Of Sporidesmin Disposition In the Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis) research

Menna

Smith²,

Miles

2009

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Los signos clínicos que presentaron los animales de este estudio, correspondieron a un cuadro de fotosensibilización, tales como: desprendimiento de la piel del morro y párpados, edema alrededor de los ojos, lagrimeo bilateral, movimiento de cabeza, fotofobia (Collett y Matthews, 2014). Estos signos de fotosensibilización se podrían atribuir al acúmulo de filoeritrina (producto de la metabolización de la clorofila), causada por la estasis biliar provocada por la colangitis y obstrucción biliar que producen las lesiones crónicas de F. hepatica (Perusia y Rodriguez, 2017;Cardona et al, 2015;Olaechea et al, 2011;Smith et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…La funcionalidad hepática puede verse alterada debido a lesiones en hígado, que comúnmente pueden ser producidas por plantas hepatotóxicas, hongos, químicos o parásitos (Smith et al, 1997). Dentro de los parásitos, la fasciolasis, causada por Fasciola hepatica, provoca graves lesiones en el hígado de los rumiantes (Adrien et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos provocada por fasciolasis crónica

Thexeira

Matto²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2020

Veterinaria (Montev.)

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La fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos puede ser provocada por diversas causas, entre ellas, como consecuencia del daño que provoca Fasciola hepatica a nivel hepatocelular. La fotodermatitis de origen hepatógeno es uno de los signos clínicos que se puede observar en cuadros de fasciolasis crónica, debido en su capacidad de producir fibrosis hepática y colangitis con estasis biliar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir dos brotes de fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos en los departamentos de Tacuarembó y Soriano (Uruguay). La enfermedad afectó a un lote de vacas Hereford y cruza, y a un lote de vaquillonas cruzas. En ambos brotes los animales pastoreaban en campos forestales húmedos. Los principales signos clínicos observados fueron pérdida de peso, costras y peladuras en morro, fotofobia, sialorrea y corrimientos oculares. Se realizaron necropsias visualizando como hallazgos macroscópicos relevantes dermatitis necrótica bilateral de los párpados, úlceras en cara ventral de lengua. En hígado se observó engrosamiento de la cápsula de Glisson, fibrosis difusa y colangitis crónica con calcificación de los canalículos biliares. Al examen histopatológico se destacó como principal lesión, fibrosis hepática y obstrucción canalicular con presencia de Fasciola hepatica. En base a los signos clínicos, hallazgos macro y microscópicos, la fotosensibilización observada en los animales de ambos brotes estuvo directamente relacionada con las alteraciones hepáticas crónicas causadas por F. hepatica.

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“…If the disease was a secondary finding of studies with another research focus (e.g. [14]) , those instances counted for case reports as well. In contrast, experiments with both artificial causes of photosensitization like medications or animals being force-fed were excluded.…”

Section: Search For Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice

Aboling¹,

Moritz²

2023

Preprint

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As most prominent plant-associated disease, photosensitization in large herbivores provides a substantial data base to evaluate the conditions under which animals are concerned. The purpose of this meta study was to investigate whether the level of feed plant diversity and feed choice influence the incidence of photosensitization. Case reports from 1900 to 2022 served as database. 113 publications described 178 cases of altogether 12 animal species, most of them being farm animals. 73.6% of the cases originated from three continents: South America, Australia and North-America. Of the 40 phototoxic agents, herbs represented the majority (63.6%). Brachiaria, Froelichia and other four genus were associated in almost 50% of the cases. Usually, animals received feed both of normal quality and in fresh state. Secondary photosensitization was most frequent only when associated with poor feed quality. If the animals had had access to high-diversity feed instead of low-diversity feed, the incidence was 27.5% smaller. If the animals had the choice between various kind of feed, the incidence was even reduced by 56.1%. Horses could select the least, however, suffered mainly from primary photosensitization. We conclude that farmers may prevent photosensitization in husbandry animals by allowing both more feed choice and feed diversity.

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Hepatogenous photosensitisation in fallow deer (Dama dama) in New Zealand

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

A history of facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis) research

A history of facial eczema (pithomycotoxicosis) research

Fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos provocada por fasciolasis crónica

Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice

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