Hepatocyte growth factor, a biomarker of macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Atherosclerotic involvements are an essential causal element of prospect in diabetes mellitus (DM), with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) being a common risk-factor for prospective crisis of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and/or cerebral infarction (CI) in DM subjects. From another point of view, several reports have supplied augmenting proof that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a physiopathological part in DM involvements. HGF has been a mesenchymal-derived polyphenic factor which modulates development, motion, and morphosis of diverse cells, and has been regarded as a humor intermediator of epithelial-mesenchymal interplays. The serum concentrations of HGF have been elevated in subjects with CAD and CI, especially during the acute phase of both disturbances. In our study with 89 type 2 DM patients, the association between serum concentrations of HGF and risk-factors for macrovascular complications inclusive of CA were examined. The average of serum HGF levels in the subjects was more elevated than the reference interval. The serum HGF concentrations associated positively with both intimal-media thickness (IMT) (r = 0.24, P = 0.0248) and plaque score (r = 0.27, P = 0.0126), indicating a relationship between the elevated HGF concentrations and advancement of CA involvements. Multivariate statistical analysis accentuated that serum concentrations of HGF would be associated independently with IMT (standardized = 0.28, P = 0.0499). The review indicates what is presently known regarding serum HGF might be a new and meaningful biomarker of macroangiopathy in DM subjects.

Circulating Betatrophin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Their Relationship With Disease Prognosis

“…Also, they found no remarkable relationship between serum HGF with neither total cholesterol nor HbA1c. However, they considered increases of serum HGF as an indicator of diabetes severeness particularly towards macroangiopathy [81]. In our patients, correlation of insulin with worse prognostic markers particularly in insulintreated patients supports the hypothesis raised by Nolan et al (2015) that IR is a natural protective strategy by cells to avoid metabolic stress and gaining more body fats due to energy surplus [83].…”

“…In our study, serum HGF was higher in T2DM patients than healthy controls and unexplainablely female patients were always higher than male patients and healthy controls. The contrast between increased serum HGF in hypertensive and its decrease in T2DM, while tissue HGF levels are decreased in both diseases is interesting [81]. Indeed, activation of serum TGF-β, a strong negative regulator of HGF, is increased in T2DM patients [82].…”

The atopic dermatitis blood signature is characterized by increases in inflammatory and cardiovascular risk proteins

“…Several growth factors associated with atherosclerosis were also increased, such as the vascular growth factor VEGF-A 88 . Hepatocyte growth factor/HGF, produced by mesenchymal cells, is a biomarker of macroangiopathy 89 , and circulating HGF levels have been positively associated with stroke 90 . CD137, a co-stimulatory molecule expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, DCs, as well as endothelial cells 91 , increases atherosclerosis in an ApoE(-/-) mouse model via leukocyte recruitment and inflammation 92 .…”

Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing

“…In patients with PAD, serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor are elevated than in normal subjects. [93] The tissue compromise caused by severe macrovascular disease, however, may over dominate the angiogenic response. Inter-individual differences in the ability to mount angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions also exist among patients with atherosclerosis.…”