Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting With Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus Extending to the Right Atrium: A Case Report

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor, and its incidence has been on the rise worldwide. It is a common cause of cancer-related death. HCC carries a poor prognosis and is challenging to manage, especially when diagnosed in advanced stages. We present a rare case of HCC in liver cirrhosis secondary to viral hepatitis C (HCV) infection, presenting with large tumor thrombus extending to the right atrium treated with lenvatinib.

Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy and Stenting as Bridge to Liver Transplantation After Radiotherapy-Induced Thrombosis

“…1 In the transplant setting, IVC and hepatic vein thrombi can occur as pretransplant Budd-Chiari syndrome, posttransplant technical complication, and rarely, HCC. 2,3 Macrovascular invasion of HCC, identified by contrast enhancement, mass contiguity, and occasionally detection with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, typically serves as a contraindication to transplantation. 4 Although there have been successful transplant cases in HCC-related IVC thrombosis, the existing transplantation criteria in such scenarios remain insufficient.…”

“…1 In the transplant setting, IVC and hepatic vein thrombi can occur as pretransplant Budd–Chiari syndrome, posttransplant technical complication, and rarely, HCC. 2,3…”

“…Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare condition associated with factors of Virchow's triad and occurs in a small percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. 1,2 Extensive IVC thrombosis in individuals with liver neoplasms is generally contraindicated for transplantation. 2 Management varies depending on the cause and progression of the thrombus, involving options like anticoagulation, endovascular procedures, or surgery.…”

“…1,2 Extensive IVC thrombosis in individuals with liver neoplasms is generally contraindicated for transplantation. 2 Management varies depending on the cause and progression of the thrombus, involving options like anticoagulation, endovascular procedures, or surgery. 1 We describe a case of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced HCC treated with Y90 radioembolization, complicated by biliary injury, resulting in complications.…”