Hepato-cardiac disorders

Abstract

Understanding the mutual relationship between the liver and the heart is important for both hepatologists and cardiologists. Hepato�cardiac diseases can be classified into heart diseases affecting the liver, liver diseases affecting the heart, and conditions affecting the heart and the liver at the same time. �ifferential diagnoses of liver injury are extremely important in a cardiologist's clinical practice calling for collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists due to the many other diseases that can affect the liver and mimic haemodynamic injury. Acute and chronic heart failure may lead to acute ischemic hepatitis or chronic conges� tive hepatopathy. Treatment in these cases should be directed to the primary heart disease. In patients with advanced liver disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy may develop including hemodynamic changes, diastolic and systolic dysfunctions, reduced cardiac performance and electrophysiological abnormalities. Cardiac evaluation is important for patients with liver diseases especially before and after liver transplantation. Liver transplanta� tion may lead to the improvement of all cardiac chang� es and the reversal of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. There are systemic diseases that may affect both the liver and the heart concomitantly including congenital, metabolic and inflammatory diseases as well as alcoholism. This review highlights these hepatocardiac diseases

Hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis

“…Viral liver cirrhosis (HBV, HCV) cases triggered the appearance of hepatic encephalopathy and the development of cardiac complication, while alcoholic cirrhosis was associated with arrhythmia events. [8,9] Patients displayed cardiac arrhythmias and hypertrophy of the septum as symptoms of hepatic cardiomyopathy, while brain involvement was displayed by the symptomology of delirium, intellectual depletion, memory depletion, tremor, and epilepsy. The blood laboratory analysis detected markers of concomitant infection, inflammation and coagulopathy (Table 3 and 4).…”

Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: A New Clinical Phenotype

“…11 Considering it is different from a classic presentation of HF, it is necessary to know this syndrome (CCM) and have a degree of clinical suspicion for early identification, to prevent its evolution to related complications, such as suprarenal insufficiency and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).…”

Changes of Portal Flow in Patients with an Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure and Liver Congestion

“…In case of TR during systole the tricuspid valve is opened so blood passes from right ventricle to right atrium so decrease evacuation of vena cava leading to venous congestion in both systemic and portal circulations. As the severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation increases more blood will be pumped backwards from right ventricle to right atrium to cause inferior vena congestion which will be transmitted to portal vein leading to its pulsatility wave changes (25) .…”