Hepatitis G virus (HGV): where we stand and what to do?

Ahmed, Qasim

doi:10.1504/ijis.2011.041723

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Even though Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared GBV-C as a non-harmful virus, this has not been shared by all authors ( 9 ). Despite the fact that, no obvious evidence exists regarding the role of GBV-C in liver damage, it appears to play a minor role in acute hepatitis, even in immunosuppressed patients ( 3 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few investigations demonstrated their association with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver and possible presence in hepatocellular carcinoma. It was also observed in hematological disorders and malignancies ( 9 ). Several reports have noted an association between GBV-C and hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia besides other hepatitis causing viruses ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These findings suggested that GBV-C itself is not an important cause of hepatitis, and co-infection with GBV-C does not alter the clinical course of community acquired hepatitis A, B or C ( 4 ). Meanwhile, interestingly, GBV-C co-infection has a beneficial effect on survival and progression to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (AIDS) in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ( 9 , 11 ). Nevertheless, an association between GBV-C and HBV and pathogenesis of NHL (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) could propose the potential participation of this viral infection in the pathogenesis of NHL ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GB virus C Viremia and Anti-E2 Antibody Response Among Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan, Iran

Kelishadi

Mojerloo²,

Moradi

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background:GB Virus C is a blood-borne virus and a member of Flaviviridae, like hepatitis C that is distributed globally and puts hemodialysis patients at high risk of developing liver disease. The clinical significance of GBV-C in this population remains unclear.Objectives:The current study aimed to evaluate GBV-C infection among hemodialysis patients.Patients and Methods:Totally, 149 patients receiving hemodialysis were included in the study. The detection of GBV-C sequences in plasma was done by the nested Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers selected from highly conserved regions of 5' UTR of GBV-C and antibodies to the envelope protein of GBV-C (anti-E2 GBV-C antibody) were analyzed by also serological methods. In addition, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) IgM, anti- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and anti- hepatitis E virus (HEV) Ab was determined in patients who were GBV-C RNA and anti-E2 GBV-C antibody positive.Results:The total prevalence of GBV-C infection was 14.7% (95%CI: 0.09-0.21) among patients receiving hemodialysis. The rate of GBV-C viremia and anti-E2 antibody positivity were 6.04% and 10.73%, respectively. Among the subjects who were positive for GBV-C, 27.27% (95% CI: 0.02-0.09), 45.45% (95% CI: 0.03-0.11), 59.9% (95% CI: 0.06-0.16) and 0% (95% CI: 0.01-0.07) were positive for anti-HCV, anti-HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and anti-(HEV) Ab, respectively. In addition, the rate of both anti-HBc IgM /anti-HCV/ HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM /anti-HCV positivity in GBV-C infected cases were 9.09%. The liver enzymes were normal in all of them. There was significant difference between GBV-C exposures with viral hepatitis co-infection, but there was no correlation between GBV-C exposure with gender, age, ethnicity, time on dialysis and history of blood transfusions. A relatively high frequency of positivity GBV-C-exposure among hemodialysis patients suggested that the transmission route for GBV-C may be nosocomial transmission, and via transfusions.Conclusions:The current study found a relatively high frequency of positivity GBV-C-exposure among the patients receiving hemodialysis in the area understudy. Nosocomial transmission seems to be the main route of GBV-C infection in the area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GB virus C Viremia and Anti-E2 Antibody Response Among Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan, Iran

Kelishadi

Mojerloo²,

Moradi

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…A perceptible percentage (38%) of thalassemic subjects in the present study were positive for HCV infection that could be due to acquisition of HCV infection prior to introduction of mandatory HCV screening in blood banks in the country coupled with persistent nature of HCV infection (Rosen, 2011). Reports on prevalence of TTV and HGV infections in multi-transfused children from various countries have been extremely variable, possibly due to varying incidence of these infections in blood donors (Kondili et al, 2001;Sampietro et al, 2001;Kar et al,2000;Ahmed, 2011). However, TTV and HGV infections were also recorded in as many as 24% and 4 % respectively of control subjects indicating involvement of non-parenteral routes of transmission (Schrotter et al, 2000;Okamoto et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Divergent Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response Induced by GB Virus C/ Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) and Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Co-Infections in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infected Thalassemia Patients

Verghese¹,

Arora²,

Sharma³

et al. 2018

JMBR

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Despite common incidence of GB virus C/Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) and Torque Teno Virus (TTV) co-infections in subjects with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, pathogenic role of these co-infections in HCV infected subjects has not been clear since studies have mostly been based on liver enzyme profile yielding variable results. Pro-inflammatory cytokines that participate in host immune response against viruses are generated as a consequence of triggering of related genes by Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) that is a member of transcription family. Study of three pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a group of multi-transfused thalassemic subjects in relation to positivity for HCV, HGV and TTV infections showed elevated levels of these cytokines in serum as well as in supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) cultures in HCV-GBV-C/HGV co-infected subgroup compared to HCV mono-infected subgroup (p <0.05 for comparison of all three cytokines) while HCV-TTV co-infected subgroup showed lowering of these levels compared to HCV mono-infected subgroup (p <0.05 for comparison of all three cytokines). Levels of p65 component of NF-kB i.e.NF-kB p65 in nuclear extracts of lipopolysaccharide stimulated PBMCs correlated positively with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum as well as that in supernatants of PBMC cultures in both HCV- GBV-C/HGV co-infected and HCV-TTV co-infected subgroups (p values ranging from <0.001 to 0.004). Levels of NF-kB p65 in nuclear extracts and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum as well as in supernatants of PBMC culture did not show any alteration compared to thalassemic subjects with HGV or TTV infections alone and healthy non-transfused subjects. Based on the inhibitory role of TTV on activation of NF-kB in TTV-HCV co-infected cases observed in the present study and the reported contribution of NF-kB towards development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to establishment of chronicity, it may be worth evaluating if TTV or any component of TTV can be utilized as therapeutic vaccine against development of HCC in HCV infected subjects.

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Presence of GB Virus C in Whole-Blood Derivatives: A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is necessary for the prevention and treatment of a variety of life-threatening injuries and diseases. However, viral contamination of these products is a great threat to recipients. Screening donors for GB virus C by nucleic acid testing is not routinely implemented worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of GBV-C RNA in whole blood/red cell components. Methods: In this cross sectional pilot study, we collected 153 units of packed RBCs from blood banks of two public hospitals in Gorgan (northeast of Iran), between October and November 2014. The samples were screened for the presence of GBV-C RNA in plasma by nested RT-PCR using specific primers targeting highly conserved regions of 5' UTR of GBV-C. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). Results: Overall, 48 (31.37%) whole blood or red cell components were positive for GBV-C viremia. The GBV-C RNA was detected in 31/88 citrate phosphate dextrose-adenine 1 (CPDA1) RBC, 16/50 washed RBC and 1/13 reduced-leukocyte RBC. However, whole blood CPDA1 was negative for GBV-C viremia. Direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed GBV-C contamination. Conclusions: Transmission of GBV-C infection was observed in blood products. Thus, efforts should be made to develop new strategies for assuring blood transfusion safety.

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Hepatitis G virus (HGV): where we stand and what to do?

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

GB virus C Viremia and Anti-E2 Antibody Response Among Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan, Iran

GB virus C Viremia and Anti-E2 Antibody Response Among Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan, Iran

Divergent Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response Induced by GB Virus C/ Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) and Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Co-Infections in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infected Thalassemia Patients

Presence of GB Virus C in Whole-Blood Derivatives: A Pilot Study

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