Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence rate among Eastern Mediterranean and middle eastern countries; A systematic review and pooled analysis

Niya, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie; Rezaee‐Zavareh, Mohammad Saeid; Ranaei, Alireza; Alavian, Seyed Moayed

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.045

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As in our review, the European HEV seroprevalence is higher in individuals exposed to swine/wild animals and increases with age [ 99 ]. In the Middle East and in the Eastern Mediterranean region, the anti-HEV antibody IgG seroprevalence was 12.17% (95% CI 11.79%–12.57%), and 11.81% (95% CI 11.43%–12.21%), respectively [ 100 ]. In terms of general population, global estimates for anti‐HEV IgG found a seroprevalence of 12.47% (95% CI 10.42% ‐ 14.67%; I 2 = 100%) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for inflammatory liver disease and can cause severe health problems. Because the seroprevalence of HEV varies within different population groups and between regions of the continent, we conducted a systematic review on the topic in order to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review in PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library and included reports up to 25 May 2021 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173934). We assessed the risk of bias, publication bias, and heterogeneity between studies and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis for proportions using a (binomial-normal) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted by Maximum Likelihood (ML). We also reported other characteristics like genotype and risk factors. Results Of 1212 identified records, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis and 132 in the quantitative analysis. Our random-effects GLMM pooled overall estimate for past infection (IgG) was 7.7% (95% CI 6.4%–9.2%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). We found higher seroprevalence in certain population groups, for example in people with pig related exposure for IgG (ranges from 6.2%–28% and pooled estimate of 13.8%, 95% CI: 7.6%–23.6%), or with diagnosed or suspected acute viral hepatitis for IgM (ranges from 0.3%–23.9% and pooled estimate of 5.5%, 95% CI: 2.0%–14.1%). Increasing age, contact with pigs and meat products, and low socioeconomic conditions are the main risk factors for HEV infection. Genotype 1 and 3 were documented across the region. Conclusion HEV seroprevalence estimates demonstrated high variability within the Americas. There are population groups with higher seroprevalence and reported risk factors for HEV infection that need to be prioritized for further research. Due to human transmission and zoonotic infections in the region, preventive strategies should include water sanitation, occupational health, and food safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…High HEV seroprevalence rates were reported in Uganda (47.7%) [33], Poland (43.5% and 49.6%) [9, 18], Bolivia (34.8%) [13], Jordan (30.9%) [7] and South Africa (25.3%) [12]. Medium HEV seroprevalence rates were reported in China (19.9%) [15], Belgium (18.3%) [34], Portugal (16.3%) [11] and the Mediterranean Region (11.9%) [35]. Low HEV seroprevalence rates were reported in New Zealand (9.7%) [10], Scotland (6.1%) [36] and Iceland (2.1%) [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, HEV-7 has been shown to infect camels and humans. We studied HEV seroprevalence in dromedary camels and among Bedouins, Arabs (Muslims, none-Bedouins) and Jews and assessed factors associated with anti-HEV seropositivity. Serum samples from dromedary camels (n = 86) were used to determine camel anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA positivity. Human samples collected between 2009 and 2016 from >20 years old Bedouins (n = 305), non-Bedouin Arabs (n = 320) and Jews (n = 195), were randomly selected using an age-stratified sampling design. Human HEV IgG levels were determined using Wantai IgG ELISA assay. Of the samples obtained from camels, 68.6% were anti-HEV positive. Among the human populations, Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs had a significantly higher prevalence of HEV antibodies (21.6% and 15.0%, respectively) compared with the Jewish population (3.1%). Seropositivity increased significantly with age in all human populations, reaching 47.6% and 34.8% among ⩾40 years old, in Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs, respectively. The high seropositivity in camels and in ⩾40 years old Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs suggests that HEV is endemic in Israel. The low HEV seroprevalence in Jews could be attributed to higher socio-economic status.

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“…In Immunodeficient or immunocompromised patients HEV infection may result in chronic infections. A meta-analysis study among Iranians reported an HEV seroprevalence of about 10% [10]. However, this prevalence increased up to 25.5% in high density populated areas of metropolitan cities of Iran [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses in the Hormozgan province southern Iran

et al. 2019

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BackgroundViral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Providing updated serologic data can improve both surveillance and disease control programs. This study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of markers for viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) and the epidemiology of such infections in the general population of southern Iran’s Hormozgan province.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2017, a total of 562 individuals with ages ranging from 1 to 86 years, who visited governmental public laboratories for routine check-ups, were tested for the presence of serological markers to hepatitis virus types A to E using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThe overall anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody seroprevalence was 93.2% (524/562). The prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies was 15.8% (89/562) among which 1.6% (9/562) of the seropositive individuals also had evidence of recent exposure to the virus (IgM positivity). Two and a half percent (14/562) were positive for hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, whereas 11.6% (65/562) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) antibodies. Among anti-HBc positive patients, 11% (7/65) had HBs Ag and 5% (3/65) were positive for anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was 0.7% (4/562). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV, HEV IgG, anti-HBc antibodies, and HBs Ag increased with age.ConclusionThe present study confirms a high seroprevalence of HAV infection among the examined population and reveals high levels of endemicity for HEV in the region. Planned vaccination policies against HAV should be considered in all parts of Iran. In addition, improvements on public sanitation and hygiene management of drinking water sources for the studied area are recommended.

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Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence rate among Eastern Mediterranean and middle eastern countries; A systematic review and pooled analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses in the Hormozgan province southern Iran

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