Hepatitis E Virus: Isolation, Propagation, and Quantification

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) predominantly causes acute liver disease in humans and is transmitted via the fecal‐oral route. HEV infection in pregnant women can result in grave consequences, with up to 30% fatality. The HEV strains infecting humans mainly belong to four genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to human infection, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. HEV genotype 3 (HEV‐3) can cause both acute and chronic liver disease. Several cell lines (mainly hepatocytes) have been developed for HEV propagation and biological study. However, HEV production in these cell lines is suboptimal and inefficient. Here, we present methods for the isolation, propagation, and quantification of HEV. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and propagation of hepatitis E virus in cultured cells from clinical HEV specimens Support Protocol 1: Quantification of HEV RNA by RT‐qPCR Basic Protocol 2: Recovery of HEV from infectious cDNA clones and purification of the virus Support Protocol 2: Quantification of HEV live particles by infectivity assay

Linear Mixed Model of Virus Disinfection by Free Chlorine to Harmonize Data Collected across Broad Environmental Conditions

“…Likewise, viruses that disrupt agricultural and food processing operations, such as livestock viruses, plant viruses, fish viruses, and dairy phages are also largely absent. Some of these identified gaps in viruses are due to the absence of cell culture assays, and recent culture method advances , could facilitate the collection of high-quality disinfection data for additional viruses. Dividing the Baltimore class data by pH, temperature, and chloride level highlights the uneven distribution across experimental conditions (Figure S6).…”

Linear Mixed Model of Virus Disinfection by Chlorine to Harmonize Data Collected Across Broad Environmental Conditions

“…Likewise, viruses that disrupt agricultural and food processing operations, such as livestock viruses, plant viruses, fish viruses, and dairy phages are also largely absent. Some of these identified gaps in viruses are due to the absence of cell culture assays (e.g., Parechoviruses 43 ) and recent culture method advances 44,45 could facilitate the collection of high-quality disinfection data for additional viruses. Dividing the Baltimore class data by pH, temperature, and chloride level highlights the uneven data across experimental conditions (Figure S7).…”

“…Parechoviruses 43 ) and recent culture method advances 44,45 could facilitate the collection of highquality disinfection data for additional viruses. Dividing the Baltimore class data by pH, temperature, and chloride level highlights the uneven data across experimental conditions (Figure S7).…”