Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland

Fraga, Montserrat; Doerig, Christopher; Moulin, Hervé R; Bihl, Florian; Brunner, Felix; Müllhaupt, Beat; Ripellino, Paolo; Semela, David; Stickel, Felix; Beretta‐Piccoli, Benedetta Terziroli; Aubert, Vincent; Telenti, Amalio; Greub, Gilbert; Sahli, Roland; Moradpour, Darius

doi:10.1111/liv.13557

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some of these cases have been reported in previous studies with different aims. 25,26 Age, sex, immunosuppression status, ALT, and bilirubin levels of the overall cohort at onset are summarized in table 1. The median age was 59 years, with a nonsignificant predominance of men (59% vs 41%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sera from patients with suspected HEV infection were tested for HEV IgG and IgM with Dia.Pro kits (Diagnostic Bioprobes srl, Italy). Real-time quantitative HEV RNA reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and HEV genotype determination were performed according to Fraga et al 25 Glossary ALT = alanine aminotransferase; ANA = antinuclear antibodies; CK = creatinine kinase; GBS = Guillain-Barré syndrome; HEV = hepatitis E virus; IFN = interferon; IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin; NA = neuralgic amyotrophy.…”

Section: Virologic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Ripellino

Pasi

Melli

et al. 2020

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and clinical features of neurologic involvement in patients with acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Southern Switzerland.MethodsAmong 1,940 consecutive patients investigated for acute hepatitis E, we identified 141 cases of acute of HEV infection (anti-HEV immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G both reactive and/or HEV RNA positive) between June 2014 and September 2017. Neurologic cases were followed up for 6 months. We compared patients with and without neurologic symptoms.ResultsNeurologic symptoms occurred in 43 acute HEV cases (30.4%) and consisted of neuralgic amyotrophy (NA, n = 15, 10.6%) and myalgia (n = 28, 19.8%). All NA cases were immunocompetent. Men had higher odds (OR = 5.2, CI 1.12–24.0, p = 0.03) of developing NA after infection with HEV, and in 3 couples simultaneously infected with HEV, only men developed NA. Bilateral involvement of NA was predominant (2:1) and occurred only in men. Seven NA cases were viremic (all genotype 3), but HEV was undetectable in their CSF. In the acute phase of NA, 9 patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and 4 with prednisone, reporting no side effects and improvement in pain and strength. Myalgia occurred both without (n = 16) or with (n = 12) concomitant elevated serum creatinine kinase. Seven cases with myalgia in the shoulder girdle did not have muscle weakness (“forme fruste” of NA).ConclusionsNeurologic symptoms occurred in one-third of acute HEV infections and consisted of NA and myalgia. NA seems to occur more frequently in men infected by HEV and has a predominant (but not exclusive) bilateral involvement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virologic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Ripellino

Pasi

Melli

et al. 2020

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

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“…France [ 11 ], the UK [ 12 ] and Germany [ 13 ]. It is the converse in Switzerland, notwithstanding a steady increase in demand for molecular testing, the proportion of positive HEV samples has remained roughly constant over the years from 2011 to 2016 [ 14 ]. HEV circulation in Italy was demonstrated since the 1980s and sporadic autochthonous incident cases have been reported for several years [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E in Italy: 5 years of national epidemiological, virological and environmental surveillance, 2012 to 2016

et al. 2018

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Increasing numbers of hepatitis E cases are being reported in several European countries, including Italy, but the burden of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is largely unknown in the latter. To gain a better understanding of HEV epidemiology at national level in Italy, we piloted a strengthened and integrated human (epidemiological and virological) and environmental HEV surveillance system between 2012 and 2016. Over the 5-year period, 169 confirmed hepatitis E cases were identified, with a national annual incidence of 0.72 cases per 1,000,000. Of 65 HEV-RNA positive samples of sufficient quality for molecular analysis, 66% were genotype HEV3, 32% HEV1 and 1% HEV4. The most frequent risk factor reported by all HEV3 infected cases, was the consumption of undercooked pork and sausage. For the environmental surveillance, 679 urban sewage samples were collected from 53 wastewater treatment plants and HEV-RNA was detected in 38/679 of the samples. Among these, 25 (66%) were genotype HEV3 and the remaining were HEV1. We demonstrate that autochthonous transmission and environmental circulation of genotype HEV3 is adding to travel-related HEV transmission in Italy. We recommend the ‘One Health’ approach to integrated surveillance, and to include HEV-related messages within health information campaigns focussing on food security.

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“…Human-to-human transmission may occur but seems to be rare; however, blood transfusion has been reported as a transmission pathway [82]. In humans, most infections seem to be subclinical; the most severe clinical sings are observed in older males and patients with pre-existing liver diseases or increased alcohol consumption [83,84]. A meta-analysis of 432 studies on the HEV seroprevalence in humans in Europe from 2003 to 2015 showed a wide range from 0.6 to 52.5%.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food

Bachofen

2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent literature and findings concerning selected foodborne viruses. Two groups of viruses were selected: (a) the most important viruses contaminating food, based on numbers of publications in the last 5 years and (b) viruses infecting sources of food that might have an impact on human health. Recent Findings Important foodborne viruses such as norovirus, hepatitis A and rotavirus are usually "only" contaminating food and are detected on the surface of foodstuffs. However, they are threats to human public health and make up for the majority of cases. In contrast, the meaning of viruses born from within the food such as natural animal and plant viruses is still in many cases unknown. An exception is Hepatitis E virus that is endemic in pigs, transmitted via pork meat and is recognised as an emerging zoonosis in industrialised countries. Summary Even though the clinical meaning of "new" foodborne viruses, often detected by next generation sequencing, still needs clarification, the method has great potential to enhance surveillance and detection particularly in view of an increasingly globalised food trade.

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Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Hepatitis E in Italy: 5 years of national epidemiological, virological and environmental surveillance, 2012 to 2016

Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food

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