Hepatitis E virus

Khuroo, Mohammad Sultan; Khuroo, Mehnaaz S.

doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e32830ee08a

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It causes large-scale waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis and sporadic infections in developing countries. Data from serosurveys have forced a reevaluation of the epidemiology and distribution of the virus, with the result that the virus is global in distribution with autochthonous infections in developed countries, originating from foodborne zoonotic transmission [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis E in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then

Khuroo

Khuroo²

2010

Hepatol Int

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Purpose Large-scale waterborne epidemics of hepatitis E occur in developing countries. It is not known why these epidemics occur repeatedly and selectively in adult population? Methods We studied seroepidemiology of an outbreak of hepatitis E in one of 15 villages that had recorded first epidemic of hepatitis E 30 years back. Another village not affected by the second epidemic was taken as a control. Overall, 1,216 sera were collected (638 from the epidemic village and 578 from the control village) for serological markers of both hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Results The seroprevalence of anti-HEV in this population following the first epidemic in 1978 was 29.4%. Antibodies were detected in only 47% of the 45 patients affected by icteric HEV infection 14 years after the first epidemic. At 30-year follow-up, the seroprevalence of anti-HEV was only 4.5% (26/578). In the village affected by second epidemic, 138 (21.6%) subjects had serological evidence of recent HEV infection. The attack rate was 23.6% (78/330) in children (B14 years) and 19.4% (60/ 308) in adults (P = 0.21). The attack rate of anicteric HEV infection was 21.8% (72/330) in children and 14.6% (45/ 308) in adults (P = 0.02). ConclusionsFollowing hepatitis E epidemics, there is a gradual loss of antibodies in the community over the decades and poor exposure to HEV infection in the cohort of population born during the interepidemic period. The next epidemic occurs when antibody levels fall to critically low levels and there is associated gross fecal contamination of water resources. During epidemic, persons of all age groups are exposed to infection, with predominant anicteric disease in children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis E in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then

Khuroo

Khuroo²

2010

Hepatol Int

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“…They are classified into four genotypes which vary by geographic distribution and host range (10). In contrast, only a single serotype has been identified, suggesting that the immunodominant domain of HEV is highly conserved among genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain

Wang

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen that causes acute hepatitis. When an HEV capsid protein containing a 52-amino-acid deletion at the C terminus and a 111-amino-acid deletion at the N terminus is expressed in insect cells, the recombinant HEV capsid protein can self-assemble into a T‫1؍‬ virus-like particle (VLP) that retains the antigenicity of the native HEV virion. In this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to show that anti-HEV monoclonal antibodies bind to the protruding domain of the capsid protein at the lateral side of the spikes. Molecular docking of the HEV VLP crystal structure revealed that Fab224 covered three surface loops of the recombinant truncated second open reading frame (ORF2) protein (PORF2) at the top part of the spike. We also determined the structure of a chimeric HEV VLP and located the inserted B-cell tag, an epitope of 11 amino acids coupled to the C-terminal end of the recombinant ORF2 protein. The binding site of Fab224 appeared to be distinct from the location of the inserted B-cell tag, suggesting that the chimeric VLP could elicit immunity against both HEV and an inserted foreign epitope. Therefore, the T‫1؍‬ HEV VLP is a novel delivery system for displaying foreign epitopes at the VLP surface in order to induce antibodies against both HEV and the inserted epitope.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans and is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. HEV is thus resistant to the low pH and digestive enzymes associated with the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. HEV regularly causes epidemics in many tropical and subtropical countries. In India, 101 outbreaks were confirmed by serological analysis in the state of Maharashtra in the last 5 years (6), and the lifetime risk of HEV infection exceeds 60% (28). Sporadic cases have also been reported in regions where HEV is endemic, as well as in areas where it is not endemic. Although some of these cases were associated with travel, many cases involved patients without a history of travel to regions where HEV is endemic. Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic infection occurs through a zoonotic route and is not limited to developing countries. Seroprevalence suggests hepatitis E infection may also be prevalent in high-income countries (21), such as the United States (17), the United Kingdom (3), and Japan (18). The overall mortality rate of HEV infection during an outbreak generally ranges from 1 to 15%, and the highest mortality occurs in pregnant women, with fatality rates of up to 30% (19).The HEV virion is composed of a 7.2-kb single-stranded RNA molecule and a 32-to 34-nm icosahedral capsid. The HEV genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).The capsid protein, encoded by the second open reading frame (ORF2), located at the 3Ј terminus of the genome, comprises 660 amino acids and is responsible for most capsid-related functions, such as assembly, host interaction, and immunogenicity. Recombinant ORF2 proteins can induce antibodies that block...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Hepeviridae ailesinin Hepevirus cinsinin tek üyesi olan HEV, viral replikasyonda önemli role sahip ORF-1, ORF-2 ve ORF-3 proteinlerine sahiptir (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). HEV, temiz suya erişimin zor olduğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yetersiz sağlık önlemleri sonucunda genellikle fekal-oral yolla bulaşmaktadır (1,6). İnsandan insana bulaşma nadir olsa da, vertikal olarak anneden bebeğe ve sürekli kan nakli yapılanlarla birlikte hemodiyaliz hastalarına kan transfüzyonu yoluyla da bulaşabileceği bildirilmiştir (5,7,8).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Anti-HEV Seroprevalence in Blood Donors in Erzurum

Aydın¹,

Uyanık²,

Albayrak³

et al. 2013

vhd

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ABS TRACTObjective: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for fecal-oral transmitted human acute hepatitis in endemic regions. Especially in non-endemic region, zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E raises an important public health concern over food safety and zoonotic risk. Previous seroprevalence studies have reported average rates of HEV seroprevalence about 6% in Turkey. This study was performed to determine hepatitis E virus seropositivity in blood donors and relation of seropositivity between age groups and sexes. Materials and Methods: A total of 248 blood donors were randomly selected and included the study. Anti-HEV IgG seropositivities were determined by ELISA. Results: HEV seropositivity was found in 10 (4.0%) of the donors. There were no significant differences among age groups and sexes. Conclusion: According to the results, HEV seroprevalence in Erzurum was found lower than the average seroprevalence of Turkey. The point that should not be ignored that, populations dealing with stockbreeding are at risk for zoonotic transmission. An extended seroepidemiological study on these populations with a detailed questionnaire may contribute to the identification of zoonotic risk factors. (

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Hepatitis E virus

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis E in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then

Seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis E in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then

Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain

Anti-HEV Seroprevalence in Blood Donors in Erzurum

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