Hepatitis E seroprevalence in inflammatory bowel disease

Lalastra, Carla Senosiaín; Tallón, Ana Isabel González; López-Sanromán, Antonio; Mateos, María Luisa; Pérez‐Gracia, María Teresa; García-Sánchez, María Concepción; Maroto, Maite; Garrido, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is also similar to what has been reported in a Spanish population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) under chronic immunosuppression, in whom the prevalence of anti‐HEV IgM or IgG was low and did not differ from that of the general population (3% and 1% respectively). Similar to the current study, none of the IBD patients tested were HEV‐RNA positive . The reason for the lack of difference in the seroprevalence of HEV between patients with AIH and the general population in our cohort is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Similar to the current study, none of the IBD patients tested were HEV-RNA positive. 23 The reason for the lack of difference in the seroprevalence of HEV between patients with AIH and the general population in our cohort is unknown. However, these differences across studies could potentially be explained by: (a) the lower HEV prevalence in our region compared to other countries, (b) the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial anti-HEV assays varies greatly, ranging between 72% and 98%, 24,25 and (c) the differences in the maintenance immunosuppression across the different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Briefly, patients with chronic AIH (n = 50) were mostly female (33, 66%) with a median age of 47 years (32-61). Laboratory test results at diagnosis were: ALT 652 international units (IU) (IQR: 321-1612), AST 561 IU/L (IQR: 301-1503), total bilirubin 3.1 mg/dL (IQR: 1-9.3) and serum IgG levels 18 g/L (IQR: [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Thirty-three patients (66%) presented positive ANA with a median titre of 1:320 (1:80-1:640), 1 patient had positive anti-LKM (2%), 1 anti-SLA (2%) and 31 (62%) ASMA with a median titre of 1:80 (1:40-1:160).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: Role of false‐positive antibodies

Llovet

Gratacós‐Ginès

Ortiz

et al. 2020

Liver International

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Background and aims Recent studies have found an increase in the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We aimed to assess the prevalence of positive anti‐HEV IgM and IgG, and HEV‐RNA in a cohort of patients with AIH, to determine the impact of positive HEV serology on patient outcome, and to evaluate the role of hypergammaglobulinemia and positive autoantibodies in the presence of positive anti‐HEV serology. Methods One hundred and five patients tested for HEV infection between 2014 and 2018 were included in the study: 50 with chronic AIH (more than 1 year on treatment), and 55 with an acute hepatitis (30 patients with acute AIH and 25 with non‐AIH). Results Seroprevalence of HEV was higher in patients with acute AIH (17% vs 10% in patients with chronic AIH and 8% in patients with non‐AIH). Patients with acute AIH and positive anti‐HEV IgG were older (58 vs 40; P = .006), had higher IgG levels (27 g/dL vs 13 g/dL; P = .03) and antismooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) titres (1:160 vs 1:80; P = .045), and were more likely to have another autoimmune disease (60% vs 16%; P = .03). At the time of HEV testing, anti‐HEV IgG positive patients had significantly higher serum IgG levels (17 g/L vs 11 g/L; P = .009), ANA (1:160 vs 1:60; P = .026) and ASMA titres (1:80 vs 1:40; P = .021). Conclusion Seroprevalence of HEV in patients with AIH in Catalonia does not differ from that of the general population. The higher HEV seroprevalence in patients with acute AIH with higher levels of gammaglobulins and high antibody titres suggest the presence of cross‐reactivity between HEV and liver antigens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: Role of false‐positive antibodies

Llovet

Gratacós‐Ginès

Ortiz

et al. 2020

Liver International

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“…Pischke et al [54] reported that patients with autoimmune hepatitis were more likely to test HEV-positive than controls. However, Senosiain et al [281] found a lower prevalence among patients with inflammatory bowel disease than for the general population. Similarly, Bauer et al [282] studied the HEV infection in patients with inflammatory arthritides under immunosuppressive therapy, but no chronic infection was observed.…”

Section: Routes Of Transmission and Risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Clemente-Casares

Ramos-Romero

Ramirez-Gonzalez

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Its presence in developing countries has been documented for decades. Developed countries were supposed to be virus-free and initially only imported cases were detected in those areas. However, sporadic and autochthonous cases of HEV infection have been identified and studies reveal that the virus is worldwide spread. Chronic hepatitis and multiple extrahepatic manifestations have also been associated with HEV. We review the data from European countries, where human, animal, and environmental data have been collected since the 90s. In Europe, autochthonous HEV strains were first detected in the late 90s and early 2000s. Since then, serological data have shown that the virus infects quite frequently the European population and that some species, such as pigs, wild boars, and deer, are reservoirs. HEV strains can be isolated from environmental samples and reach the food chain, as shown by the detection of the virus in mussels and in contaminated pork products as sausages or meat. All these data highlight the need of studies directed to control the sources of HEV to protect immunocompromised individuals that seem the weakest link of the HEV epidemiology in industrialized regions.

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“…There have been reports of cases with involvement of other organs in the HEV infection, such as: acute pancreatitis [35,36], immune-mediated diseases [37][38][39][40], (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, myasthenia gravis), hematologic diseases [38,41], (hemolytic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, severe, thrombocytopenia), mixed cryoglobulinemia [42], infl ammatory bowel disease [43]. In pregnant women, infected during the fi rst trimester it generates a 15% to 25% lethality, in the Eastern hemisphere [44,45].…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: New Clinical and Public Health Problem on the Western World? Review

Focaccia¹

2017

Arch Hepat Res

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Hepatitis E seroprevalence in inflammatory bowel disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Higher seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: Role of false‐positive antibodies

Higher seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: Role of false‐positive antibodies

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Hepatitis E: New Clinical and Public Health Problem on the Western World? Review

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