Hepatitis E Infection in HIV-Infected Patients

Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio; López‐López, Pedro; Frías, Mario

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01425

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Hepatitis E infection has been associated with a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic, mainly neurological, renal, cardiac, and hematological manifestations ( Fousekis et al, 2020 ; Figure 4 ). HEV also has been detected in the human placenta, breast milk, and urine ( Pischke et al, 2017 ; Rivero-Juarez et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Hev Chronicity and Extrahepatic Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis E and Chronicity: A Growing Public Health Concern

et al. 2020

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Hepatitis E viral infection recently emerges as a global health concern. Over the last decade, the understanding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) had changed with the discovery of new genotypes like genotype-7 and genotype-8 with associated host and mode of infection. Diversification in the mode of hepatitis E infection transmission through blood transfusion, and organ transplants in contrast to classical feco-oral and zoonotic mode is the recent medical concern. The wide spectrum of infection ranging from self-limiting to acute liver failure is now overpowered by HEV genotype-specific chronic infection especially in transplant patients. This concern is further escalated by the extra-hepatic manifestations of HEV targeting the central nervous system (CNS), kidney, heart, and pancreas. However, with the development of advanced efficient cell culture systems and animal models simulating the infection, much clarity toward understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of HEV has been developed. Also this facilitates the development of vaccines research or therapeutics. In this review, we highlight all the novel findings in every aspect of HEV with special emphasis on recently emerging chronic mode of infection with specific diagnosis and treatment regime with an optimistic hope to help virologists and/or liver specialists working in the field of viral hepatitis.

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Section: Hev Chronicity and Extrahepatic Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis E and Chronicity: A Growing Public Health Concern

et al. 2020

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“…However the mortality rate may reach 30% in pregnant women [ 3 ]. Furthermore, chronic hepatitis E infections may occur in high-risk groups such as immunocompromised individuals (e.g., transplant recipients), those with pre-existing liver disease, HIV-positive persons, and cancer patients [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A recent study estimates that 939 million people worldwide have been infected with HEV in the past and that 15–110 million people have recent or ongoing infections [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Circulation, Molecular Epidemiology, and Impact on Global Health

et al. 2020

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Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents the most common source of viral hepatitis globally. Although infecting over 20 million people annually in endemic regions, with major outbreaks described since the 1950s, hepatitis E remains an underestimated disease. This review gives a current view of the global circulation and epidemiology of this emerging virus. The history of HEV, from the first reported enteric non-A non-B hepatitis outbreaks, to the discovery of the viral agent and the molecular characterization of the different human pathogenic genotypes, is discussed. Furthermore, the current state of research regarding the virology of HEV is critically assessed, and the challenges towards prevention and diagnosis, as well as clinical risks of the disease described. Together, these points aim to underline the significant impact of hepatitis E on global health and the need for further in-depth research to better understand the pathophysiology and its role in the complex disease manifestations of HEV infection.

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“…Even though HEV infection is considered self-limiting or asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe disease in patients with preexisting liver conditions, with high morbidity and mortality [9,10]. Chronic infection could develop in immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant recipients [11], individuals administered immunosuppressants [12], patients on chemotherapy for hematological malignancies [13], HIV-infected patients [14] and cases of superinfection with other hepatitis viruses [15]. In 10% of chronically infected patients, HEV leads to rapid progression to liver cirrhosis in less than 3 years [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Production of Virus-Like Particles for Vaccination against Hepatitis E Virus

Mazalovska

Kouokam

2020

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a pathogen that causes acute viral hepatitis, is a small icosahedral, quasi-enveloped, positive ssRNA virus. Its genome has three open reading frames (ORFs), with ORF1 and ORF3 encoding for nonstructural and regulatory proteins, respectively, while ORF2 is translated into the structural, capsid protein. ORF2 is most widely used for vaccine development in viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus-like particles (VLPs) are potential vaccine candidates against HEV infection. VLPs are composed of capsid subunits mimicking the natural configuration of the native virus but lack the genetic material needed for replication. As a result, VLPs are unable to replicate and cause disease, constituting safe vaccine platforms. Currently, the recombinant VLP-based vaccine Hecolin® against HEV is only licensed in China. Herein, systematic information about the expression of various HEV ORF2 sequences and their ability to form VLPs in different systems is provided.

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Hepatitis E Infection in HIV-Infected Patients

Cited by 28 publications

References 86 publications

Viral Hepatitis E and Chronicity: A Growing Public Health Concern

Viral Hepatitis E and Chronicity: A Growing Public Health Concern

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Circulation, Molecular Epidemiology, and Impact on Global Health

Progress in the Production of Virus-Like Particles for Vaccination against Hepatitis E Virus

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