Hepatitis E. in Pregnancy

Kumar, Ashok; Beniwal, B. S.; Kar, Premashis; Sharma, Jai Bhagwan; Murthy, N S

doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000143503.86960.e5

Cited by 62 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…emerging virus | zoonosis H epatitis E virus (HEV) gained notoriety as the cause of epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in developing countries; examples include the 29,300 cases that occurred during the New Delhi outbreak in 1956 and the 2,621 cases reported over 6 mo in an Internally Displaced Persons Camp in Darfur in which pregnant women, as has been reported previously (1), had the highest mortality rate (26-31%) (2). HEV is the most or secondmost important cause of acute hepatitis in adults in developing countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, 4 y ago a case of chronic hepatitis E was identified in Europe, and since then chronicity has been documented in immunocompromised solid-organ transplant recipients and HIVinfected individuals (4)(5)(6)(7). Although hepatitis E infection generally causes mild to moderate disease, it occasionally has caused fulminant liver failure in acute cases, in chronically infected patients, and especially in those with underlying chronic liver disease or pregnancy (1,2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Additionally, hepatitis E has been misdiagnosed as drug-induced liver injury, thus complicating drug trials or treatment regimens (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus–host recombinant

Shukla

Nguyen

Torian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

275

335

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The RNA virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most or second-most important cause of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In these regions it is an important cause of acute liver failure, especially in pregnant women who have a mortality rate of 20–30%. Until recently, hepatitis E was rarely identified in industrialized countries, but Hepatitis E now is reported increasingly throughout Western Europe, some Eastern European countries, and Japan. Most of these cases are caused by genotype 3, which is endemic in swine, and these cases are thought to be zoonotically acquired. However, transmission routes are not well understood. HEV that infect humans are divided into nonzoonotic (types 1, 2) and zoonotic (types 3, 4) genotypes. HEV cell culture is inefficient and limited, and thus far HEV has been cultured only in human cell lines. The HEV strain Kernow-C1 (genotype 3) isolated from a chronically infected patient was used to identify human, pig, and deer cell lines permissive for infection. Cross-species infections by genotypes 1 and 3 were studied with this set of cultures. Adaptation of the Kernow-C1 strain to growth in human hepatoma cells selected for a rare virus recombinant that contained an insertion of 174 ribonucleotides (58 amino acids) of a human ribosomal protein gene.

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus–host recombinant

Shukla

Nguyen

Torian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

275

335

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A common source in epidemics is often contaminated water [2]. Mortality rates are around 1% in general [2], but may reach up to about 25 % in pregnant women [3]. In addition, pre-term deliveries occur in an estimated two-thirds of HEVinfected pregnant women [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian estimation of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence for populations with different exposure levels to swine in The Netherlands

et al. 2007

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SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) is ubiquitous in pigs worldwide and may be zoonotic. Previous HEV seroprevalence estimates for groups of people working with swine were higher than for control groups. However, discordance among results of anti-HEV assays means that true seroprevalence estimates, i.e. seroprevalence due to previous exposure to HEV, depends on choice of seroassay. We tested blood samples from three subpopulations (49 swine veterinarians, 153 non-swine veterinarians and 644 randomly selected individuals from the general population) with one IgM and two IgG ELISAs, and subsets with IgG and/or IgM Western blots. A Bayesian stochastical model was used to combine results of all assays. The model accounted for imperfection of each assay by estimating sensitivity and specificity, and accounted for dependence between serological assays. As expected, discordance among assay results occurred. Applying the model yielded seroprevalence estimates of y11 % for swine veterinarians, y6% for non-swine veterinarians and y2% for the general population. By combining the results of five serological assays in a Bayesian stochastical model we confirmed that exposure to swine or their environment was associated with elevated HEV seroprevalence.

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“…It occurs in both epidemic and sporadic forms in most developing countries of Asia (1,2), Africa (3) and Latin America (4). The mortality of acute HEV infection ranges from 0.5-1% among the general population to as high as up to 20% in pregnant women (5). Sporadic cases of hepatitis E have also been identified in developed countries such as Japan (6,7), the United States (8,9) and some countries in Europe (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leu477 and Leu613 of ORF2-Encoded Protein Are Critical in Forming Neutralization Antigenic Epitope of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4

et al. 2008

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Hepatitis E. in Pregnancy

Cited by 62 publications

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Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus–host recombinant

Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus–host recombinant

Bayesian estimation of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence for populations with different exposure levels to swine in The Netherlands

The Leu477 and Leu613 of ORF2-Encoded Protein Are Critical in Forming Neutralization Antigenic Epitope of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4

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