Hepatitis E: current status

Pérez‐Gracia, María Teresa; Lindemann, María Luisa Mateos; Villalba, María Caridad Montalvo

doi:10.1002/rmv.1759

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Usually this is a self-limiting disease, with jaundice as the most common symptom [4, 13–15]. In patients with pre-existing liver disease and immunosuppressed patients, the clinical course of disease is often more severe and in developing countries excess mortality is seen in pregnant women [8, 10, 14–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among the general population in a livestock-dense area in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based serological survey

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecent serological studies indicate that hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in industrialised countries. The increasing trend in the number of autochthonous cases of HEV genotype 3 in Western European countries, stresses the importance to get insight in the exact routes of exposure. Pigs are the main animal reservoir, and zoonotic food-borne transmission of HEV is proven. However, infected pigs can excrete large amounts of virus via their faeces enabling environmental transmission of HEV to humans. This might pose a risk for of neighbouring residents of livestock farming.MethodsWithin a large study on the health of people living in the vicinity of livestock farming we performed a cross-sectional population-based serological survey among 2,494 non-farming adults from the general population in a livestock-dense area in the south of the Netherlands. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires and blood samples of 2,422 subjects (median age 58 years, range 20–72) were tested for anti-HEV IgG using an enzyme immune assay (Wantai). The aim of this study was to determine the HEV seroprevalence and to assess whether seropositivity in adults was associated with living in the vicinity of pig farms.ResultsThe average seroprevalence of HEV was 28.7% (95% CI: 26.9–30.5). Determinants associated with an increased risk for HEV seropositivity were male gender and low level of education. There was a clear trend of increasing prevalence with increasing age (Chi-square test for linear trend, X2 = 83.1; p < 0.001). A high number of pigs within 1,000 m of the residential address was not a risk factor for seropositivity.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the high HEV seroprevalence (29%) in the general population of the Netherlands, but presence of antibodies was not associated with residential proximity to pig farms. The prevalence increased with age from 10% in adolescents to 33% among those aged 50 and above, supporting the assumption of a cumulative lifetime exposure to HEV in the Netherlands as well as a higher infection pressure in the past. Our findings cannot refute the assumption that transmission is primarily food-borne.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among the general population in a livestock-dense area in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based serological survey

et al. 2017

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“…Human-infecting HEV was classified in 4 major genotypes. HEV1 and 2 have been isolated worldwide, causing human epidemic outbreaks transmitted via the fecal-oral route in developing countries (Asia, South America, Africa, and Mexico) [1,2]. Genotypes 3 and 4 have been described in several animal reservoirs, particularly domestic and wild pigs, in both developing and industrialized countries [3]; they have been isolated from sporadic cases of acute human HEV infection due to zoonotic and/or foodborne transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E in French Polynesia

Guern

Eftekhari-Hassanlouie

Lastère

et al. 2015

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

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“…1 HEV infection accounts for acute-onchronic liver failure, predominantly in patients from Indian subcontinents and other developed countries. 2 High morbidity and mortality among pregnant women are characteristic identifiers of waterborne epidemic outbreaks of hepatitis E, including outbreaks in South Sudan, Uganda and Nepal in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable quality attributes of hepatitis E vaccine antigen with and without adjuvant adsorption-dissolution treatment

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Most vaccines require adjuvants for antigen stabilization and immune potentiation. Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants for human vaccines. Previous reports demonstrated the preservation of antigen conformation and other antigen characteristics after recovery from adjuvanted Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccines. In this study, we used a combination of various physiochemical and immunochemical methods to analyze hepatitis E vaccine antigen quality attributes after recovery from adjuvants. All biochemical and biophysical methods showed similar characteristics of the p239 protein after recovery from adjuvanted vaccine formulation compared to the antigen in solution which never experienced adsorption/desorption process. Most importantly, we demonstrated full preservation of key antigen epitopes post-recovery from adjuvanted vaccine using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies as exquisite probes. Antigenicity of p239 was probed with a panel of 9 mAbs using competition/blocking ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and sandwich ELISA methods. These multifaceted analyses demonstrated the preservation of antigen key epitopes and comparable protein thermal stability when adsorbed on adjuvants or of the recovered antigen post-dissolution treatment. A better understanding of the antigen conformation in adjuvanted vaccine will enhanced our knowledge of antigen-adjuvant interactions and facilitate an improved process control and development of stable vaccine formulation.

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Hepatitis E: current status

Cited by 40 publications

References 139 publications

Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among the general population in a livestock-dense area in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based serological survey

Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among the general population in a livestock-dense area in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based serological survey

Hepatitis E in French Polynesia

Comparable quality attributes of hepatitis E vaccine antigen with and without adjuvant adsorption-dissolution treatment

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