Hepatitis E: Current Status in India

Aggarwal, Rakesh; Goel, Amit

doi:10.1002/cld.1146

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, the lack of healthcare resources in low‐income countries or regions can result in a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of HEV infections, leading to high prevalence and DALY rates of AHE 30,31 . Bangladesh and India had the highest ASIR of AHE in 2019, which may be attributed to poor sanitation and lack of clean water in these two countries 32,33 . In India, HEV transmission occurs mainly through the faecal‐oral route via contaminated drinking water or food 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,31 Bangladesh and India had the highest ASIR of AHE in 2019, which may be attributed to poor sanitation and lack of clean water in these two countries. 32,33 In India, HEV transmission occurs mainly through the faecal-oral route via contaminated drinking water or food. 32 Although developed countries are considered to have a low endemicity of AHE, the number of incident cases for AHE in Western Europe, particularly in the Netherlands, France and the UK, has been increasing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global burden of acute hepatitis E between 1990 and 2019 and projections until 2030

Ouyang,

Pan,

et al. 2024

Liver International

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Background and AimsAcute hepatitis E (AHE) is still a public health issue worldwide. Here, we report the global burden of AHE in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio‐demographic index (SDI), and predict the future trends to 2030.MethodsData on AHE were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and joinpoint analysis were used to determine the burden trend.ResultsIn 2019, there were 19.47 million (95% UI, 16.04 to 23.37 million) incident cases of AHE globally, with a 19% increase since 1990. Age‐standardized rate (ASR) of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalent and incident cases declined from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the ASR of incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to HEV infection were highest in the same regions of South Asia for both sexes. Southern Sub‐Saharan Africa presented the highest increases in the ASR for incidence of HEV infection in both males (AAPC = .25) and females (AAPC = .24) from 1990 to 2019. Incident cases are higher in males than females before 55–59 years old. The SDI values were negatively correlated with the age‐standardized DALYs. Between 2019 and 2030, the ASR for incidence and prevalence of HEV for both sexes showed an increasing trend.ConclusionsAlthough the overall ASR of AHE decreased, the burden of AHE remains an underappreciated problem for society. The findings may provide useful information for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies aimed at reducing the burden of AHE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of acute hepatitis E between 1990 and 2019 and projections until 2030

Ouyang,

Pan,

et al. 2024

Liver International

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“…Nayak et al reported a case of acute HEV infection that was complicated by cholemic nephrosis (bile cast nephropathy), which could lead to AKI [ 29 ]. Although the viral genotype was not reported in the previous studies, HEV-1 is the most common circulating strain in India [ 47 ]. In the previous reports, acute HEV infections were complicated by end-stage renal diseases or other complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on Abnormal Renal Function in Acute Hepatitis E Genotype 1 Infection

et al. 2023

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Impaired renal functions have been reported with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections, especially with genotypes 3 and 4. These complications were reported during the acute and chronic phases of infection. HEV genotype 1 causes acute infection, and the effect of HEV-1 infections on renal functions is not known. We examined the kidney function parameters in the serum of HEV-1 patients (AHE, n = 31) during the acute phase of infection. All of the included patients developed an acute self-limiting course of infection, without progression to fulminant hepatic failure. We compared the demographic, laboratory, and clinical data between AHE patients with normal kidney function parameters and those with abnormal renal parameters. Out of 31 AHE patients, 5 (16%) had abnormal kidney function tests (KFTs) during the acute phase of infection. Three patients had abnormal serum urea and creatinine, and two patients had either abnormal urea or creatinine. Four out of five patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. AHE patients with abnormal KFTs were older and had a lower level of albumin, but a slightly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) compared to AHE patients with normal KFTs. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, liver transaminase levels, and the viral load. Similarly, the clinical presentations were comparable in both groups. Interestingly, these KFTs in patients with abnormal renal parameters returned to normal levels at the recovery. The serum creatinine level was not correlated with patients’ age or liver transaminase levels, but it was significantly negatively correlated with albumin level. In conclusion, this study is the first report that evaluated KFTs in patients during the acute phase of HEV-1 infections. Impaired KFTs in some AHE patients resolved at convalescence. KFTs and renal complications should be monitored during HEV-1 infections.

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“…As far as HEV is concerned, rains and post flood times bear a tough time on HEV as the drinking water supplies get contaminated with sewerage. Chronic HEV, defined as the persistence of HEV beyond 6 months, is sometimes seen in immunocompromised patients, especially solid organ transplant recipients [14] .…”

Section: Challenges and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%