Hepatitis D virus infection: Progress on the path toward disease control and cure

Sulkowski, Mark S.

doi:10.1111/jvh.13825

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is a condition with a significant impact on global health, potentially affecting up to about 15–20 million people worldwide. The prevalence of HDV varies in different parts of the world, with the highest reports in the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, Central and North Asia, West and Central Africa, the Amazon basin, the Pacific islands, and Vietnam [ 25 , 26 ]. Regardless of geographic areas, amongst HBsAg-positive persons, higher anti-HD rates are found in IVDUs, hemodialysis recipients, men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers, and those with HCV or HIV co-infections [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection

Crobu,

Ravanini,

Impaloni

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Previous studies reported that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) could help disseminate the hepatitis D virus (HDV) in vivo through the unrelated hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with essentially inconclusive results. To try to shed light on this still-debated topic, 146 anti-HCV-positive subjects (of whom 91 HCV/HIV co-infected, and 43 with prior HCV eradication) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies (anti-HD), after careful selection for negativity to any serologic or virologic marker of current or past HBV infection. One single HCV/HIV co-infected patient (0.7%) tested highly positive for anti-HD, but with no positive HDV-RNA. Her husband, in turn, was a HCV/HIV co-infected subject with a previous contact with HBV. While conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors attempted to exhaustively describe the medical history of both the anti-HD-positive patient and her partner, believing it to be the key to dissecting the possible complex mechanisms of HDV transmission from one subject to another, and speculating that in the present case, it may have been HCV itself that behaved as an HDV helper virus. In conclusion, this preliminary research, while needing further validation in large prospective studies, provided some further evidence of a role of HCV in HDV dissemination in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection

Crobu,

Ravanini,

Impaloni

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…HDV/HBV co-infection leads to adverse clinical outcomes, including liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and HCC within a decade after dual infection 15 . However, the routine screening and monitoring of HDV co-infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection is not widely implemented in clinical practice 16 , 17 . In Thailand, vertical transmission is the primary route of HBV transmission 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in a tertiary care centre in Thailand

Ananchuensook,

Suksawatamnuay,

Thaimai

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Knowledge about the epidemiology of hepatitis D virus (HDV) is essential for effective screening and management. Our study aimed to update the prevalence of HDV infection among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at hepatology clinics in Thailand. We enrolled HBV-infected patients from hepatology clinics at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between June 2022 and November 2023. Demographic, biochemical characteristics, and liver-related complications (LRC), including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, were reviewed. The competitive enzyme and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect anti-HDV antibodies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for HDV RNA in anti-HDV-positive patients. The HDV genotype was identified in detectable HDV RNA samples. Of the 702 enrolled patients, four (0.6%) had positive and equivocal for both anti-HDV tests. Two (50.0%) of the four patients tested positive for HDV RNA and genotype 1 was identified; one had multiple risk factors. Anti-HDV seroprevalence was not significantly different between patients with and without LRC. In conclusion, HDV co-infection is less common in Thailand than globally. Additionally, our study identified genotype 1, the predominant HDV genotype worldwide, and observed co-infection even without LRC.

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“…VIR-3434, an antibody treatment for HBV, targets a conserved epitope on the antigenic loop of HbsAg [125]. VIR-3434 is a promising treatment that is in clinical development for patients with Hepatitis B and D, and neutralizes both HBV and HDV in the blood [126]. For Hepatitis C, broadly neutralizing antibodies are being uncovered, like PC153, HEPC151-1, HEPC154, HEPC122, HEPC111, HEPC130, and HEPC108, that all target the E1/E2 envelope complex at various binding residues [108].…”

Section: Hepatitis Bnabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS

Joseph,

Sandel,

Kulkarni

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Infectious agents, notably viruses, can cause or increase the risk of cancer occurrences. These agents often disrupt normal cellular functions, promote uncontrolled proliferation and growth, and trigger chronic inflammation, leading to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancer cases in humans are associated with an infectious pathogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes seven viruses as direct oncogenic agents, including Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Most viruses linked to increased cancer risk are typically transmitted through contact with contaminated body fluids and high-risk behaviors. The risk of infection can be reduced through vaccinations and routine testing, as well as recognizing and addressing risky behaviors and staying informed about public health concerns. Numerous strategies are currently in pre-clinical phases or undergoing clinical trials for targeting cancers driven by viral infections. Herein, we provide an overview of risk factors associated with increased cancer incidence in people living with HIV (PLWH) as well as other chronic viral infections, and contributing factors such as aging, toxicity from ART, coinfections, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we highlight both antibody- and cell-based strategies directed against virus-induced cancers while also emphasizing approaches aimed at discovering cures or achieving complete remission for affected individuals.

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Hepatitis D virus infection: Progress on the path toward disease control and cure

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection

Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection

Prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in a tertiary care centre in Thailand

Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS

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