Hepatitis D

Cuthbert, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1159/000171110

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the ability to fabricate various micro-and nanostructures using the SU-8 has been demonstrated for small feature sizes and complex patterns, particular difficulties and limitations should be considered, such as formation of edge bead [7,8] and air bubbles during the process [9,10]. In the spin coating process for producing SU-8 films, the edge bead build-up depends on various parameters, such as spin speed, surface tension and viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new fabrication process for uniform SU-8 thick photoresist structures by simultaneously removing edge bead and air bubbles

Lee

Ahn

et al. 2011

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This paper proposes a new SU-8 fabrication process to simultaneously remove edge bead and tiny air bubbles by spraying out edge bead removal (EBR) fluid over the entire surface of photoresist. In particular, the edge bead and air bubbles can cause an air gap between a film mask and a photoresist surface during UV exposure. The diffraction effect of UV light by the air gap leads to inaccurate and non-uniform SU-8 patterns. In this study, we demonstrate a simple method using EBR treatment to simultaneously eliminate the edge bead at the edge of wafer and tiny air bubbles inside SU-8. The profiles of thickness variation of SU-8 films with/without the EBR treatment are measured. The results show that the proposed EBR treatment can successfully remove the edge bead and air bubbles over the entire SU-8 films. The average pattern uniformity of SU-8 is improved from 50.5% to 11.3% in the case of 200 μm thickness. This method is simple and inexpensive, compared to a standard EBR process, because it does not require specialized equipment and it can be applied regardless of substrate geometry (e.g. circular wafer and rectangular slide glass).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new fabrication process for uniform SU-8 thick photoresist structures by simultaneously removing edge bead and air bubbles

Lee

Ahn

et al. 2011

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Correlation of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I infection markers in hepatitis B surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis

et al. 1992

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The hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection plays a major role in severe liver damage caused by hepatitis. To establish the prevalence of HDV infection in haemophilic patients and patients without haemophilia, 87 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were examined for serological evidence of delta hepatitis. In addition HBV, HDV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection markers were compared to clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. Out of 46 haemophiliacs 30 (65%) were anti-HD-seropositive; 10 out of 30 anti-HD-positive patients (33%) had pathological liver function tests compared to 2 out of 16 anti-HD-negative haemophiliacs (13%). The rate of HIV infection did not differ between the HDV infected and the non-HDV infected individuals with haemophilia (17/27 anti-HD-positive patients versus 12/16 anti-HD-negative patients). Two haemophilic anti-HD-positive patients underwent liver biopsy, in both cases hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) was detected in the biopsies. Only 2 out of 41 patients without haemophilia were anti-HD-positive. Both had pathological liver function tests; chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, respectively, were diagnosed and HDAg was found in the liver biopsies. Out of 39 anti-HD-seronegative patients without haemophilia, 26 (67%) were hepatitis B e antigen positive; in the sera of 20 patients (51%) HBV-DNA was demonstrated, but only 6 patients (15%) had pathological liver function tests. In conclusion a high seroprevalence of HDV infection was found in haemophilic patients treated with non-pasteurized commercial clotting factor concentrates. An endemic spreading of HDV infection in patients without haemophilia with chronic HBV infection could not be detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Hepatitis D

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

A new fabrication process for uniform SU-8 thick photoresist structures by simultaneously removing edge bead and air bubbles

A new fabrication process for uniform SU-8 thick photoresist structures by simultaneously removing edge bead and air bubbles

Correlation of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I infection markers in hepatitis B surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis

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