Hepatitis C virus transmission among human immunodeficiency virus‐infected men who have sex with men: Modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions

Salazar‐Vizcaya, Luisa; Kouyos, Roger D.; Zahnd, Cindy; Wandeler, Gilles; Battegay, Manuel; Darling, Katharine E A; Bernasconi, Enos; Calmy, Alexandra; Vernazza, Pietro; Furrer, Hansjakob; Egger, Matthias; Keiser, Olivia; Rauch, Andri

doi:10.1002/hep.28769

Cited by 83 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…On its face, treatment as prevention as the sole intervention to eliminate hepatitis C virus would be unprecedented in the history of infectious diseases, where prevention (in the form of vaccine) has been the only method of eradication to date. In line with this historical observation, a different model of the epidemic in Switzerland showed that significant behavioral changes must be effected before even a decrease in incidence, let alone prevalence, can be accomplished 131. These same factors are likely to be important in considering hepatitis C virus prevention or even elimination among persons who inject drugs.…”

Section: Goals Of Interventions To End the Hepatitis C Virus Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 76%

Medical and Behavioral Approaches to Engage People Who Inject Drugs Into Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Gonzalez¹,

Fierer

Talal

2017

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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Direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infection may revolutionize treatment among persons with substance use disorders. Despite persons with substance use disorders having the highest hepatitis C virus prevalence and incidence, the vast majority have not engaged into care for the infection. Previously, interferon-based treatments, with substantial side effects and the propensity to exacerbate mental health conditions, were major disincentives to pursuit of care for the infection. Direct-acting antivirals with viral eradication rates of >90%, significantly improved side effect profiles, and shorter treatment duration are dramatic improvements over prior treatment regimens that should promote widespread hepatitis C virus care among persons with substance use disorders. The major unmet need is strategies to promote persons with substance use disorders engagement into care for hepatitis C virus. Although physical integration of treatment for substance use and co-occurring conditions has been widely advocated, it has been difficult to achieve. Telemedicine offers an opportunity for virtual integration of behavioral and medical treatments that could be supplemented by conventional interventions such as hepatitis C virus education, case management, and peer navigation. Furthermore, harm reduction and strategies to reduce viral transmission are important to cease reinfection among persons with substance use disorders. Widespread prescription of therapy for hepatitis C virus infection to substance users will be required to achieve the ultimate goal of global virus elimination. Combinations of medical and behavioral interventions should be used to promote persons with substance use disorders engagement into and adherence with direct-acting antiviral-based treatment approaches. Ultimately, either physical or virtual colocation of hepatitis C virus and substance use treatment has the potential to improve adherence and consequently treatment efficacy.

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Section: Goals Of Interventions To End the Hepatitis C Virus Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 76%

Medical and Behavioral Approaches to Engage People Who Inject Drugs Into Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Gonzalez¹,

Fierer

Talal

2017

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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“…As such, the greatest impact on HCV incidence and prevalence would be achieved if DAA treatment scale-up was prioritised to those with recently diagnosed (<1 year) HCV infection and occurred in combination with behavioural interventions [6]. Similarly, modelling within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) suggested that DAA treatment scale-up will need to occur in concert with behavioural risk reduction or stabilisation to achieve reductions in HCV incidence and prevalence [86]. Stabilisation of rates of high-risk behaviour combined with increased treatment uptake and the use of DAAs was predicted to reduce HCV incidence by 77% (from 2.2 per 100 py in 2015 to 0.5 per 100 py in 2030) and prevalence by 81% (from 4.8% in 2015 to 0.9% in 2030).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling: Treatment-as-prevention and The Impamentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV Cure and Reinfection Among People With HIV/HCV Coinfection and People Who Inject Drugs

Martinello¹,

Hajarizadeh²,

Grebely³

et al. 2017

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Concern that HCV reinfection may compromise HCV treatment outcomes is sometimes cited as a reason for not offering treatment to current and former PWID. However, the incidence of reinfection following interferon-based treatment for chronic HCV is low among PWID. Reinfection rates in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) are varied, with high incidence reported in some cohorts. Mathematical modelling suggests that substantial reductions in HCV incidence and prevalence could be achieved with targeted DAA therapy among those at the highest risk of ongoing transmission. This review will summarise the recent literature on DAA efficacy in PWID and people with HIV/HCV coinfection, discuss the individual- and population-level impact of DAA treatment scale-up and reinfection, and highlight ongoing and future research questions in expanding HCV care and treatment to those populations at high risk of ongoing HCV transmission.

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“…Mathematical modelling studies suggest that scaling up treatment cannot revert the HCV epidemic if high-risk behaviour continues to increase as it has over the last decade. Reducing high-risk behaviour, independent of treatment interventions, would be the most effective intervention for HIV-positive MSM 44 45. In addition, DAA treatment is costly and antiviral resistance might be lurking 46.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging viral STIs among HIV-positive men who have sex with men: the era of hepatitis C virus and human papillomavirus

Laar

Richel

2016

Sex Transm Infect

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The number of infectious disease outbreaks and the number of unique pathogens responsible have significantly increased since the 1980s. HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are a vulnerable population with regards to the introduction, spread and clinical consequences of (newly introduced) STIs. After the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), the incidence of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced anal cancers have significantly increased among HIV-positive MSM. The introduction and expansion of HCV is the result of increased sexual risk behaviour and sexually acquired mucosal trauma within large interconnected networks of HIV-positive MSM in particular. With the availability of cART, postexposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP and PrEP) and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for HCV, less concern for HIV and HCV might require a new approach to develop effective behavioural intervention strategies among MSM. The marked rise in HPV-induced anal cancers can be ascribed to the long-term immunologic defects in an ageing population affected by HIV. More evidence with regards to effective treatment options for anal dysplastic lesions and the usefulness of anal malignancy screening programmes is urgently needed. Most anal cancers in the future generation of HIV-positive MSM could be prevented with the inclusion of boys in addition to girls in current HPV vaccination programmes.

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Hepatitis C virus transmission among human immunodeficiency virus‐infected men who have sex with men: Modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions

Cited by 83 publications

References 33 publications

Medical and Behavioral Approaches to Engage People Who Inject Drugs Into Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Medical and Behavioral Approaches to Engage People Who Inject Drugs Into Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

HCV Cure and Reinfection Among People With HIV/HCV Coinfection and People Who Inject Drugs

Emerging viral STIs among HIV-positive men who have sex with men: the era of hepatitis C virus and human papillomavirus

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