Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and risk factors among patients with HIV infection

Mendes-Corrêa, Maria Cássia; Barone, Antonio; Guastini, Cristina Fátima

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652001000100003

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Risk factors related to HCV infection could not be detected in 5.2% of HIV/HCV co-infected patients, a rate similar to that observed in São Paulo, where 5.4% of HIV/HCV patients also denied any possible route of infection 20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…This finding agrees with previous observations made in HIV-seropositive patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where at least 70% of the subjects have been demonstrated to be engaged in high risk sexual activity and 70% of intravenous drug users were infected with HCV 22 . In HIV/HCV co-infected patients from São Paulo, Brazil, intravenous drug use was also the main risk factor detected 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

Vogler

Nishiya

Morimoto

et al. 2004

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYSerological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were evaluated in 183 subjects from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, and adjacent areas. Serum samples which tested anti-HCV positive by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) obtained from eight patients with chronic hepatitis C, 48 blood donors, and 127 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were submitted to another enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). About 78.7% of samples were also reactive by ELISA, with the greater proportion (70.8%) of discordant results verified among blood donors. A similar finding was observed for HCV-RNA detection by PCR, with 111/165 (67.3%) positive samples, with higher rates among HIV-positive subjects and patients with chronic hepatitis than among blood donors. Sixty-one PCRpositive samples were submitted to HCV genotyping, with 77.1, 21.3 and 1.6% of the samples identified as types 1, 3 and 2, respectively. Finally, analysis of some risk factors associated with HCV infection showed that intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, while blood transfusion was the most important risk factor in the group without HIV infection. The present study contributed to the knowledge regarding risk factors associated with HCV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes in the population evaluated. KEYWORDS:Hepatitis C virus; Anti-HCV; Genotypes; Epidemiology. INTRODUCTIONAbout 170 million people all over the world are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), although many ignore such fact 30 . In most cases, the infection develops as an asymptomatic clinical picture but with severe consequences, since about 80% of the infected subjects develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma 16,28 .Co-infection of HCV-infected subjects with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has important implications for the prognosis and management of both diseases. These subjects show elevated alanine aminotransferase levels and are at a higher risk of developing fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma than subjects infected only with HCV 6 ; in addition, they show a higher risk of developing hepatic toxicity related to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy than patients infected only with HIV 5,26 .The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HCV-RNA allows the identification of the presence of active HCV infection. However, RNA levels may show fluctuations with nondetectable periods even in patients not submitted to interferon therapy 7 .Patient counseling regarding the risk-benefit of treatment also requires analysis of a liver biopsy and the determination of the HCV genotype. Differences in the response to treatment depending on the HCV genotype have been observed, with type 1 being more resistant than types 2 and 3 19 . Genotyping based on the amplification of the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) has the advantage that it can be performed on PCR ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

Vogler

Nishiya

Morimoto

et al. 2004

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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show abstract

“…Finally, our findings regarding low-grade fibrosis seen in most patients from both groups, may be correlated with the lower mean age of the patients, since the investigators who are currently studying coinfection consider that an increase in progression of liver disease caused by HCV infection occurs as of the age of 50 5,13,23 and that the lower fibrosis grades found in younger population are due to the shorter period of time elapsed since the beginning of the infection 11,14,22 . Unfortunately, based on the data currently available in our clinic, it was not possible to clearly determine how HAART therapy could influence the progression of the liver disease in the population studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Previous studies conducted in Brazilian population at the same site where the study of this publication was conducted showed a 17.7% prevalence of coinfection 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Navarro

Mendes-Corrêa

Cavalheiro

et al. 2005

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYDuring the year of 2001, a retrospective, descriptive study in order to determine the influence of the antiretroviral therapy received by 111 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who had undergone at least one liver biopsy was conduced, 74 of them were treated with a protease inhibitor regimen (WPI), and 37 with a non-protease inhibitor regimen (NPI). The main characteristics found were: a young patient population (mean age 41 years old in both groups), composed in most part of male individuals (74.3% WPI and 51.4% NPI) with previous risk factors for both infections (WPI 93.2% and NPI 89.2%). The most significant findings included AIDS-defining disease (WPI 18.9% and NPI 13.5% of the cases), elevated hepatic enzyme levels (WPI: SGOT 52.1 and NPI 53.2), absence of liver disease-related symptoms (16.2% for both groups), average CD4 count > 350 for both groups (WPI 362.2 and NPI 378.1), predominantly low-grade fibrosis in both populations (0-2 in 63.6% of WPI patients and in 80% of NPI patients), with necro-inflammatory activity ranging from 5-7 in 51.3% and 42.9% of WPI patients and NPI patients, respectively. It is suggested a sequential biopsy to better evaluate the evolution of the hepatic disease, according to the HAART regimen received.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus Co‐infection and viral subtypes at an HIV testing center in Brazil

Pereira

Stefani

Martelli

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing sites have been recognized recently as potential settings for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening since both viruses share common routes of transmission. HIV and HCV prevalence, predictors, co-infection rates, and viral subtypes were studied in 592 attendants at an anonymous HIV Counseling and Testing Center in central Brazil. Anti-HIV-1 and -HCV antibodies were screened by ELISA, and Western blots were used to confirm HIV infection. Among HIV-seropositive samples, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested-PCR were used to subtype HIV-1 by the Heteroduplex Mobility Analysis (HMA) and HCV by the line probe assay (INNO-LiPA). HIV and HCV seroprevalence was 3.2% (95% CI 2.0-4.9) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.0), respectively. Intravenous drug use was the risk factor most strongly associated with both HIV and HCV infections, even in a population with few intravenous drug users (n = 6); incarceration was also associated with HCV. HIV/AIDS-positive sexual partner and homosexual/bisexual behaviors were associated independently with HIV-1. The prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-positive persons was 42% (95% CI 20-66), higher than in HIV-negative persons (1.2%; 95% CI 0.5-2.5). HIV-1 subtype B was identified in the env and gag regions of the genome. HCV subtype 3a predominated among co-infected persons and one HCV subtype 1a was detected. Overall, a similar prevalence of HIV and HCV infections and a higher prevalence of HCV among HIV-positive persons were observed. Integrated HIV and HCV screening at HIV testing sites may represent a unique opportunity to provide diagnosis and prevention strategies at a single visit.

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Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and risk factors among patients with HIV infection

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus Co‐infection and viral subtypes at an HIV testing center in Brazil

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