Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Rate in a Hyperendemic Area of HCV in Japan: A Prospective Study

Fukuizumi, Kunitaka; Sata, Michio; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Nakano, Hitoo; Tanikawa, K

doi:10.3109/00365549709011828

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This frequency of chronicity is fairly similar to that reported for clinically identified patients following acute infection, about 85% [10,11,27,28]. The proportion of seroconverters with persistently detectable HCV‐RNA observed in this study also is comparable to the prevalence of detectable HCV‐RNA in cross‐sectional analyses of anti‐HCV‐positive individuals in other populations in Japan, where it ranges from 75 to 88% [6,7,22,29,30]. Similar prevalence estimates of chronic HCV infection have been observed in the USA [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In this community‐based cohort in a geographical area with an extraordinarily high prevalence of HCV infection (23%), the rate of anti‐HCV seroconversion in seronegative residents was high, 362 per 100 000 person‐years of follow‐up. A similarly high incidence of HCV seroconversion (280 per 100 000 person‐years) was recently reported in a village in Fukuoka, Japan, where HCV infection also is hyperendemic [22]. In contrast, much lower rates of HCV seroconversion have been observed for other populations in Japan, such as blood donors in large cities [9,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Incident hepatitis C virus infection in a community‐based population in Japan

Okayama

Stuver

Tabor

et al. 2002

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of liver disease throughout the world. However, the natural history and pathogenesis of this infection is still not completely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of incident, asymptomatic HCV infection in a community-based population in Japan. The Miyazaki Cohort Study is a prospective study of adult residents in two villages, one of which has a very high prevalence of HCV. Nine hundred and seventy-three people from this village were enrolled in the cohort between 1984 and 1995, with antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) found in 23%. During subsequent visits to annual health screens, new HCV seroconverters were identified among susceptible individuals, and their sequential samples were tested for anti-HCV, HCV-RNA, and HCV core antigen. Fourteen participants (six males, eight females) acquired anti-HCV during the first 11 years of study follow-up, at an incidence rate of 362 per 100 000 person-years. Detectable HCV-RNA and high anti-HCV titres (> 1:2048) were observed for more than 5 years following seroconversion in 80% (8/10) of seroconverters with sufficient information, indicating the development of persistent infection in these subjects. Three (37.5%) of the eight sero converters with persistent infection had fairly consistent, albeit mild, alanine aminotransferase elevations (30-130 IU/L) during the study. Anti-HCV seroconversions occurred at a very high rate in this community-based population in Japan, in which this infection is endemic. Persistence also developed at a high frequency among the cases of newly acquired infection, although the associated liver enzyme abnormalities were mild.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Incident hepatitis C virus infection in a community‐based population in Japan

Okayama

Stuver

Tabor

et al. 2002

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…We found that HCV newly diagnosed rate was significantly higher in older individuals (more than 50 years of age), who accounted for three-quarters of all infections in Yanbian Prefecture, parallels data found in cohorts from Taiwan and Japan [10]–[12]. It is plausible that 40–60 years population has more chance to exposure to sex, cosmetic treatment, HCV carrier, blood transfusion, and dental treatment than other ages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Increasing Newly Diagnosed Rate and Changing Risk Factors of HCV in Yanbian Prefecture, a High Endemic Area in China

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe newly diagnosed rate of HCV infection is increasing in China. However, the risk factors have not been fully identified. Here, a survey was performed in Yanbian Prefecture, a high-endemic area in China.MethodsWe identified newly diagnosed HCV infection in 2007–2011, using the local National Disease Supervision Information Management System from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We determined the risk factors using a case-control survey by questionnaire.ResultsYanbian Prefecture had a rapid increase in the yearly newly diagnosed rate of HCV infection from 32.6 to 72.1/100.000 from the year 2007 to 2011. People aged 50–64 years had a high HCV infection of 43.4%, but only 0.3% of cases were reported in those aged less than 20 years. Cosmetic treatment, family history, blood transfusion, and dental treatment were independent risk factors for HCV infection. Unexpectedly, cosmetic treatments [odd ratio (OR) = 5.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.31–11.48, P = 0.00] and family history (OR = 4.68, 95% CI = 2.67–8.75, P = 0.00) showed a higher risk than the conventional risk factors of blood transfusion (OR = 4.49, 95% CI = 1.95–10.37, P = 0.001) and dental treatment (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.42–6.25, P = 0.00). To further analyze the intrafamilial transmission, we found that spouses of HCV patients had an increased risk for acquiring HCV (OR = 5.75, 95% CI: 1.94–17.07), without significant association between either HCV RNA viral load (P = 0.29) or genotype (P = 0.43).ConclusionsHCV infection was increased in Yanbian Prefecture. Cosmetic treatment was a higher risk factor than medical procedure. HCV infection had a clear family clustering phenomenon, especially between spouses.

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“…Apart from the well known routes of contamination, namely blood transfusions (BT) before 1991 and intravenous drug use (IVDU), we considered other parenteral exposure to blood as possible sources of infection when BT or IVDU was absent. These other parenteral sources of infection were: (a) tattoos or piercing, especially if done under nonsterile conditions [27] (b) acupuncture using nondisposable material, (c) nosocomial risk factors such as haemodialysis [28] or endoscopy with mucosal biopsies or polypectomy [29], bleeding dental treatment [30], any percutaneous procedures using nondisposable syringes, needles or catheters or a history of a major surgical procedure in the distant past [31–33], (d) occupational by needle‐stick in health care workers or in relatives of hepatitis C patients. Sexual transmission was considered when sexual partners also had HCV infection with the same genotyping and sequence analysis [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological changes in hepatitis C virus genotypes in France: evidence in intravenous drug users

Bourlière

Barberin

Rotily

et al. 2002

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes are distributed differently depending on geography and route of infection. We characterized the distribution of genotypes in a large cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C in the South-east of France and evaluated the relative prevalence according to time of acquisition. One thousand, one hundred-and-eighty-three patients who were anti-HCV-positive were studied. HCV genotype distribution has changed significantly from the 1960s to 2000. The prevalence of genotype 1b decreased from 47% before 1978 to 18.8% in the 1990s while the prevalence of genotype 1a and 3a increased during the same period from 18% and 15.3% to 28.8% and 26.3%, respectively. The logistic regression model showed that genotype 1a was significantly more common in patients infected through intravenous drug injection odds ratio ((OR): 2.08, P < 0.01) and after 1990 (OR: 1.98, P < 0.05). Genotype 1b was significantly less frequent in patients infected through intravenous drug injection (OR: 0.17, P < 0.001) and has decreased since 1978 (OR: 0.27, P < 0.001). Genotype 3a was independently associated with intravenous drug injection (OR: 6.1, P < 0.001) and tattooing (OR: 8.01, P < 0.001) and was more frequent in the 1979-90 period (OR: 2.05 and 1.74, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). Our results show a modification of HCV genotypes distribution over the last four decades due to an increase of intravenous drug use (IVDU) contamination and an evolution of HCV genotypes distribution only in IVDU population characterized by a decrease of genotype 1b, an increase of genotype 3a from 1970 to 1990 and a higher increase of genotype 1a which is currently the predominant genotype in our population.

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Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Rate in a Hyperendemic Area of HCV in Japan: A Prospective Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Incident hepatitis C virus infection in a community‐based population in Japan

Incident hepatitis C virus infection in a community‐based population in Japan

Increasing Newly Diagnosed Rate and Changing Risk Factors of HCV in Yanbian Prefecture, a High Endemic Area in China

Epidemiological changes in hepatitis C virus genotypes in France: evidence in intravenous drug users

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