Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas

Strianese, Diego; Tranfa, Fausto; Finelli, Marialuisa; Renzo, Amalia De; Staibano, Stefania; Schiemer, Roberta; Cardone, Domenico; Pacelli, Roberto; Perna, Fabiana; Mascolo, Massimo; Rosa, Gaetano De; Bonavolontà, Giulio

doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.233

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Patients with HCV‐related DLBCL may have more aggressive clinical features at presentation in comparison to HCV‐negative patients 39, 40. Other studies have also reported rare lymphoma sites with HCV infection, most notably primary splenic or hepatic41 and ocular adnexal B‐NHL 42. A recent study of 12 HCV‐positive patients identified a new subcutaneous “lipoma‐like” primary extranodal MZL, characterized by subcutaneous nodules containing a lymphoid infiltrate.…”

Section: Manifestations and Subtypes Of B‐nhl Associated With Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The clinical perspective

et al. 2012

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a commonly transmitted infection that has both hepatic and extrahepatic repercussions. These range from the inflammatory to the oncologic with an undisputed link to hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its role in the development of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is becoming better understood, leading to opportunities for research, therapy, and even prevention. Research in the field has progressed significantly over the last decade, with the number of patients diagnosed with HCV and B-NHL rising incrementally. It is therefore becoming crucial to fully understand the pathobiologic link of HCV in B cell lymphomagenesis and its optimal management in the oncologic setting. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:634-641) O ver 180 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), accounting for 3% of the global population.1 HCV is well-recognized as a cause of hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, while its hematologic manifestations (mixed cryoglobulinemia [MC] and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL]) are less appreciated.2 Clarifying the oncogenic role of HCV has been hampered by difficulties in viral culture, the heterogeneity of B-NHL, and the differences between viral genotypes, prevalence, and affected populations. This is further complicated by the host environment and the availability of effective therapy. Nevertheless, a molecular and clinical link between HCV and B-NHL has been made placing an emphasis on cause and effect rather than simple association. Mechanisms of LymphoproliferationSung et al.2 established a flourishing HCV-infected B-NHL line whose virions could infect hepatic cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and B cells in vitro. Indeed, viral replication within ''lymphoid reservoirs'' is thought to be responsible for HCV persistence after apparently successful therapy: these reservoirs potentially function as a viral ''storage facility'' and allow for positive selection of different viral subtypes which may influence the natural history of infection.3,4 Current evidence suggests there may be a predilection for B cells 5 and that different viral strains may be more lymphotropic than others. 6The biologic rationale for a causal relationship between HCV and B-NHL is based upon epidemiologic data and clinical observation. One study showed evidence of oligoclonal and monoclonal B cell expansion in 100% of HCV-infected patients with a mixture of pathologies, including MC, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), and B-NHL.7 However, the mechanism by which HCV infection leads to B-NHL is still unclear.The proposed mechanisms include direct infection of hematopoietic cells, antigen drive, and the ''hit and run'' hypothesis. Despite evidence that HCV can infect and replicate within lymphoid cells, there are few data demonstrating that HCV can induce malignant lymphoproliferation. For example, active viral replication in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of chronically infected patients with MC or B-NHL could not be demonstrated.8 Also, the identi...

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Section: Manifestations and Subtypes Of B‐nhl Associated With Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The clinical perspective

et al. 2012

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“…Incisional biopsy should be avoided, even though in cases with uncertain preoperative diagnosis is the key to rule out other malignancies such as orbital lymphoma involving lacrimal fossa which require different treatment modalities and outcome. 9,10 In the present patient, the tumor was completely removed and no recurrence occurred within 3 years of follow-up.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 51%

Simultaneous Diagnosis of Ipsilateral Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland and Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Case Report

Strianese

Ferrara²,

Iuliano³

et al. 2014

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To describe a patient with coexistence of ipsilateral adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland and orbital cavernous hemangioma. The patient presented a 2-month history of painful swelling of left upper eyelid, which did not resolve on a course of oral steroid. On clinical examination, she had moderate medial and inferior dislocation of the eye globe, edema of the temporal superior eyelid and moderate restriction upgaze. Magnetic resonance imaging identified two left orbital tumors: one was a lesion that arose from the lacrimal gland, and the second was a well-defined, ovoid, intraconal mass. The patient underwent lateral orbitotomy and excision of both lesions. Postoperative histological features demonstrated two different lesions: an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland and a cavernous hemangioma. The clinical presentation of the present case was strongly suggestive of a lacrimal gland malignancy, although the imaging features did not show typical invasive aspects. This is the first report of coexistence of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and cavernous hemangioma in the ipsilateral orbit.

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“…These radiological findings suggested a benign tumor of the lacrimal gland. No further distinguishing clinical or blood test features were found (including general diseases frequently associated with orbital lymphoma, such as hepatitis C infection [7]). The patient underwent lateral orbitotomy to remove the lacrimal gland including the whole mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Lymphoma Mimicking Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma

Strianese

Elefante

Matarazzo

et al. 2013

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To describe the case of a patient affected by orbital lymphoma mimicking pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland. Methods: This was a retrospective case report. Results: We present the case of a patient with 15-year history of slowly progressive left proptosis and inferomedial bulbar dislocation who had the presumptive diagnosis of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma based on clinical and radiological features. The patient underwent lateral orbitotomy and lacrimal gland excision. Postoperative histological features were consistent with low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusion: The accepted clinico-radiological criteria used for the diagnosis of lacrimal gland fossa lesions might have a certain false-positive rate, even in recent years. The initial surgical approach with the appropriate choice between fine-needle aspiration biopsies, intraoperative biopsies and lacrimal gland excisions might be a challenge.

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas

Abstract: To assess the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on disease appearance and outcome of ocular adnexal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ONHL).

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The clinical perspective

Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The clinical perspective

Simultaneous Diagnosis of Ipsilateral Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland and Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Case Report

Orbital Lymphoma Mimicking Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma

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