Hepatitis C virus infection in san francisco’s HIV-infected urban poor

Hall, Christopher S.; Charlebois, Edwin D.; Hahn, Judith A.; Moss, Andrew R.; Bangsberg, David R.

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30613.x

Cited by 80 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Hall et al [4] found that only 68% of the coinfected patients in the REACH cohort were aware of the possibility of treatment for HCV, and only 3.8% had previously been treated. Nonwhites were found to be less likely to be tested for HCV and to receive subspecialty referral upon testing HCV positive.…”

Section: Physician and Patient Barriers To Treatment Of Hcv In Coinfementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hall et al [4] report a baseline prevalence rate of 69% coinfection with HCV in a sample of 249 persons enrolled in the Research and Access to Care for the Homeless (REACH) cohort of HIV-infected marginally housed individuals in San Francisco. Of those with an IDU history the coinfection rate was 79%, whereas it was 21% among those without IDU history.…”

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Of Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric behavioral aspects of comanagement of hepatitis C virus and HIV

Weiss

Gorman²

2006

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Coinfection with HIV hastens the progression of liver disease in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. As mortality directly due to HIV continues to decrease among persons who are HIVpositive, coinfection with HCV has emerged as a leading cause of death. There is increasing attention to the need to actively treat HCV infection in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Current HCV treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin achieves sustained viral response in up to 40% of coinfected patients but has numerous neuropsychiatric side effects. Providers are hesitant to begin HCV treatment in the coinfected population given the high prevalence of existing psychiatric illness, cognitive impairment, and substance use disorders. There is an urgent need for research into the psychiatric and behavioral predictors of HCV treatment adherence and virologic outcome, as well as into the optimal psychiatric management of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of HCV therapy.

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Section: Physician and Patient Barriers To Treatment Of Hcv In Coinfementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Of Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric behavioral aspects of comanagement of hepatitis C virus and HIV

Weiss

Gorman²

2006

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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“…2 This number may be even higher when homeless and incarcerated persons are taken into account, as infection rates in these populations may exceed 40% [3][4][5][6] and even 70% among human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV ϩ ) urban poor. 7 Overall, approximately 85% of those with an acute infection will develop chronic disease, 8 persistent viremia occurring at least 6 months after initial exposure, with estimates ranging from 55% in the Irish anti-D immune globulin cohort 9 and 60% in a study of community-acquired HCV in the United States 10 to 90% in a single-source outbreak from contaminated clotting factors in Austria. 11 Fortunately, HCV incidence has dropped nearly 10-fold in the United States since the 1980s, 12 largely because of improved screening of blood products, decreased injection drug use (IDU), and safer sexual practices.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Natural History Of Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hepatitis C virus infection: A chronic problem

et al. 2007

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S ince the discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the late 1980s, there has been an explosion of information regarding its natural history, treatment, and replication cycle. Nonetheless, there are still relatively few data regarding acute HCV infection. By convention, the term acute hepatitis refers to the presence of clinical signs or symptoms of hepatitis for a period of 6 months or fewer after the presumed time of HCV exposure. Early studies of posttransfusion patients who developed non-A, non-B hepatitis provide a clinical picture of early infection. 1 Following the availability of specific serologic and virologic tests, most such patients were shown to have acute HCV infection. After acute infection, HCV RNA may become detectable in the serum/plasma in as little as 2 weeks ( Fig. 1). Several weeks later, a high percentage of patients experience an increase in serum aminotransferase levels consistent with the development of acute hepatocellular injury. In the majority of cases, patients develop mild constitutional symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue. During this acute infection, serum aminotransferases often peak below 1000 IU/mL and may return to normal levels. A minority develops sufficient elevations in bilirubin to lead to overt jaundice or the development of dark urine. Unless the clinical suspicion is high, few patients will be tested for HCV RNA or HCV antibody seroconversion. However, in the majority-but not all-of infected patients, HCV RNA persists, and a chronic disease state develops.The reasons for the general lack of data regarding acute HCV infection are multifactorial and include (1) the relatively high percentage of asymptomatic or unrecognized early infections, (2) the lack of large-scale identification of chronic carriers in the general population who serve as a reservoir for infection, and (3) the decreased number of acute infections that occur in controlled clinical settings such as that of blood transfusions. These factors and the lack of nonprimate animal models necessitate reliance on retrospective studies in chronic carriers, the use of limited historical collections of banked sera, and the extrapolation of outcomes based on small disease outbreaks in unique settings (for example, transmission from a physician to a patient in the operating room setting or following parenteral exposure in healthcare workers). Moreover, there exist only a limited number of population cohorts that continue to experience high rates of HCV transmission (for example, Egypt); nonetheless, there is a growing body of information regarding the clinical presentation, natural history, and treatment outcomes of acute HCV infection.In this article, we review the current information regarding our understanding of the epidemiology, virology, and immunology of HCV with a particular emphasis on acute HCV infection. In addition, we review recent data related to interferon-based treatment intervention and propose an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of acute HCV inf...

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“…In addition, in co-infected patients, HCV can increase morbidity and mortality related to HIV (12) . The efficacy of the treatment for hepatitis C can vary among patients, and genetic characteristics play an important role in the response to the drugs used.…”

Section: Frequency Of the Mdr1 Gene Polymorphism Rs1045642 (C3435t) Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of the Mdr1 Gene Polymorphism Rs1045642 (C3435t) in HCV-Hiv Co-Infected Patients

Marasca

Machado

Filho

et al. 2016

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Background -Due to the high prevalence of co-infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the severity of these infections, the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in these processes, including viral behavior and host genetic profile, is of great importance for patient treatment and for public health policies. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome, such as the SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) in the MDR1 gene, have been reported to be associated to the sustained virological response (SVR) to HCV treatment in HCV-HIV co-infected patients. Objective -The present study analyzes the MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism in HCV-HIV co-infected patients.Methods -A total of 99 HCV-HIV patients were included in the study. The DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the SNP rs1045642 was assessed by Real Time PCR (qPCR). Risk factors for acquiring the virus and the SVR after HCV treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin were also analyzed. Results -Among the patients, 54 (54.5%) were male and 45 (45.5%) were female. The average age was 46.1±9.8 years. The SVR after HCV treatment was 40%. The frequencies of MDR1 genotypes CC, CT and TT were 28.3%, 47.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Allele frequencies were 52% for the C allele and 48% for the T allele. No association was found for SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) regarding response to treatment (P=0.308). Conclusion -In this study, the C3435T polymorphism in the MDR1 gene appears not to be associated with SVR in HCV-HIV co-infected individuals. HEADINGS -Hepacivirus. HIV. Single nucleotide polymorphism. P-glycoprotein. Coinfection. Interferon-alpha. Ribavirin.Declared conflict of interest of all authors: none Disclosure of funding: no funding received Financial support: Marasca GS and Souza ACS hold a fellowship from CAPES (Ministry of Education, Brazil).

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Hepatitis C virus infection in san francisco’s HIV-infected urban poor

Cited by 80 publications

References 85 publications

Psychiatric behavioral aspects of comanagement of hepatitis C virus and HIV

Psychiatric behavioral aspects of comanagement of hepatitis C virus and HIV

Acute hepatitis C virus infection: A chronic problem

Frequency of the Mdr1 Gene Polymorphism Rs1045642 (C3435t) in HCV-Hiv Co-Infected Patients

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