Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological up-date in Europe

Petruzziello, Arnolfo; Marigliano, Samantha; Loquercio, Giovanna; Cacciapuoti, Carmela

doi:10.1186/s13027-016-0099-0

Cited by 74 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…As previously described, genotype distribution does not show high variability among the three macro‐areas: genotype 1 (G1) seems to be equally distributed among them (70.0% in Central Europe, 68.1% in Eastern Europe, and 55.1% in Western Europe), like genotype 3 (G3) (29.0% in Western Europe, 26.6% in Eastern Europe, and 21.0% in Central Europe). Genotype 2 (G2), instead, seems to be most common in Western Europe (8.9%), while genotype 4 (G4) is essentially present in Central and Western Europe (4.9% and 5.8%, respectively) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Petruzziello

Loquercio

Sabatino

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem especially for its increasing level of mortality. Detailed knowledge of HCV genotypes prevalence has clinical relevance since the efficacy of therapies is impacted by genotypes and subtypes distribution. Moreover, HCV exhibits a great genetic variability regionally.To date, there are no published studies assessing HCV genotypes distribution in specific countries of the Mediterranean basin. The aim of this study was to review data published from 2000 to 2017 with the purpose to estimate genotypes distribution of HCV infection in nine European countries all located in the Mediterranean basin.MethodsA systematic research of peer‐reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases selected if containing data regarding distribution of HCV genotypes in nine selected European countries (Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Spain) was performed.ResultsGenotype 1 is the most common (61.0%), ranging from 80.0% in Croatia to 46.0% in Greece, followed by genotype 3 (20.0%), varying from 38.0% in Slovenia to 7.0% and 8.0%, respectively, in Italy and in Albania and by genotype 4 (10.0%) that shows an increase of 1.1% with respect to data obtained till 2014 probably due to the increasing migrants arrivals to Southern Europe. G2, the fourth most frequent genotype (8.5%), particularly common in Italy (27.0%) and Albania (18.0%) might be probably introduced in Southern Italy as a result of Albanian campaign during Second World War and more and more increased by the migration flows from Albania to Italy in the 90s.ConclusionEpidemiology of HCV infection shows a high variability across the European countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. HCV genotyping is a relevant tool to monitor the dynamic process influenced by both evolving transmission trends and new migration flows on HCV scenario.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geographic distribution of HCV genotypes is heterogeneous and characterized by a distribution of the “epidemic subtypes” (1a, 1b, 2a, and 3a) in high‐income countries and of the “endemic” strains in restricted areas, as West Africa, Southern Asia, Central Africa, and Southeastern Asia …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Petruzziello

Loquercio

Sabatino

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Regarding the association between HCV infection and HCC, as recently reported [36], Italy shows a moderate prevalence of anti-HCV in the general population (approximately 2.0%), except for some Southern areas where the prevalence greatly increases ranging from 6% to 12% with an average viraemic rate estimated at over 70% [36]. As we previously reported [58], confirming several other studies [9,[59][60][61], anti-HCV incidence in our area is significantly greater among HCC patients, suggesting that these patients significantly have an higher risk of exposure to HCV infection if compared to the general population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…If considered in an international context, Italy shows a moderate prevalence of anti-HCV in the population, except for the Southern regions where the infection is endemic and the HCV prevalence ranges from 6% to 12% [35,36]. As we previously described, genotype 1b, historically the most prevalent not only in Italy but in the whole of Europe, is the most common genotype also in Southern Italy, followed by genotype 2 [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes distribution among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Southern Italy: a three year retrospective study

Petruzziello

Marigliano

Loquercio

et al. 2017

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major cause for cancer in the world. Aim of this casecontrol study was to investigate the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes among HCC patients and suggest whether infection with specific subtypes may be associated with an increased risk of progression to cancer. Methods: 152 HCC anti-HCV positive patients, fulfilling the criteria from the Barcelona 2000 EASL conference, and 568 patients HCV chronically infected but without HCC as control group were included in the study. Serum of each patient was evaluated for viral load estimation and genotyping. Results: Males with HCC significantly showed to have quite 2 times higher risk of exposure to HCV infection (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.15-2.58). Moreover, HCC was significantly associated with older age. In fact, > 50 years older patients showed to have a higher risk of developing HCC (OR = 17.4; 95% CI = 4.24 to 71.36) compared to younger patients. HCV RNA rate was significantly higher (83.7%) among HCC patients than in the control group (61.4%, p < 0.001) and the most prevalent genotype was 1b (68.0% in HCC vs 54.4% in the control group, p < 0.005). HCC patients significantly have a risk of exposure to HCV 1b infection almost 2 times greater than the control group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.11-2.82). The multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) of developing HCC for HCV 1b comparing to non-1b was 1.65 (1.16-2.33). Conclusions: Our study detected a significantly higher rate of HCV RNA positivity and a higher rate of HCV 1b infection in HCC patients, suggesting the strict association between subtype 1b infection and HCC. A prospective study with larger number of samples would be needed to confirm our results.

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“…HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily in West Africa, genotype 3 in South Asia, genotype 4 in Central Africa, genotype 5 in Southern Africa and genotype 6 in South East Asia (3,5,6). Only one genotype 7 infection has been reported once it was isolated in Canada from a Central African immigrant (10). The epidemiology of HCV infection in Europe is evolving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HCV virus genotypes in Albania

Doçi¹,

Ebranati²,

Zehender³

et al. 2017

THE IJES

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological up-date in Europe

Cited by 74 publications

References 63 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes distribution among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Southern Italy: a three year retrospective study

Prevalence of HCV virus genotypes in Albania

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