Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in China: Predominance of closely related subtype 1b isolates and existence of new genotype 6 variants

Lü, Ling; Nakano, Tatsunori; He, Ying; Fu, Yongshui; Hagedorn, Curt H.; Robertson, Betty H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.20307

Cited by 130 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…From our study, we can characterize the RFLPs of core gene of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a into at least five patterns. Patterns I and III were previously reported [11][12][13][14][15] . In the present study, most of HCV genotypes 3a were typically clustered into these two patterns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…These two RFLP digestion patterns (Table 2) have been described previously [11][12][13][14][15] . In the present study, RFLP Patterns I and III were discriminated by BstNI digestion (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, we also found substantial numbers showing pattern III and some pattern IIs. Pattern III is common in Europe, America, and China [13][14][15] and such a strain distribution from diverse geographical areas suggests a wider historical movement of viral lineages. Currently, the global spread of HCV has accelerated with the advent of more methods and frequency of transmission routes of populations 21 which probably accounts for the appearance of pattern III HCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hepatitis C virus core gene yields restriction fragments of variable length and polymorphism

Prombun¹,

Kunthalert²,

Vipsoongnern³

et al. 2015

ScienceAsia

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ABSTRACT:The hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains seven genotypes heterogeneously distributed around the world. HCV displays a high genetic diversity relevant to epidemiology, transmission, and clinical management. To explore the genetic variation of HCV in a local Thai population, we investigated the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of the core gene in 31 samples of HCV genotype 3a found in blood donors. The polymorphisms of these HCVs were clustered into five RFLP patterns (IV). Fifteen samples (48%) clustered as the RFLP pattern I and ten samples (32%) as pattern III profiles which have been previously reported. In addition, there were four samples (13%) manifest as pattern II, one sample (3%) as pattern IV, and one sample (3%) as pattern V. This study provides pointers to the molecular epidemiology of HCV genotype 3a distributed in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hepatitis C virus core gene yields restriction fragments of variable length and polymorphism

Prombun¹,

Kunthalert²,

Vipsoongnern³

et al. 2015

ScienceAsia

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“…Partial HCV sequences in two routinely amplified regions, E1 and NS5B, were characterized as previously described (12,13,15). They correspond to nucleotides 739 to 1310 and 8267 to 8630, respectively, in the H77 genome.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although six genotypes (genotypes 1 to 6), 18 subtypes (subtypes 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2f, 3a, 3b, 4d, 5a, 6a, 6e, 6g, 6k, 6n, 6u, 6v, and 6w), and a number of unassigned variants have been detected in China, over 95% of these isolates belong to five major subtypes: 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 6a (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Among them, subtype 1b is predominant nationwide, accounting for approximately 75% of all HCV infections, and this is followed by 2a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus in China Characterized for Five Major Subtypes Based on Samples from 411 Volunteer Blood Donors from 17 Provinces and Municipalities

Lü

Wang

Xia

et al. 2014

J Virol

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We investigated the migration patterns of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. Partial E1 and/or NS5B sequences from 411 volunteer blood donors sampled in 17 provinces and municipalities located in five large regions, the north-northeast, northwest, southwest, central south, and southeast, were characterized. The sequences were classified into eight subtypes (1a, n ‫؍‬ 3; 1b, n ‫؍‬ 183; 2a, n ‫؍‬ 83; 3a, n ‫؍‬ 30; 3b, n ‫؍‬ 44; 6a, n ‫؍‬ 55; 6n, n ‫؍‬ 10; 6v, n ‫؍‬ 1) and a new subtype candidate. Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees of the E1 sequences of the five major subtypes revealed distinct migration patterns. Subtype 1b showed four groups: one is prevalent nationwide with possible origins in the north-northeast; two are locally epidemic in the central south and northwest, respectively, and have spread sporadically to other regions; and the fourth one is likely linked to the long-distance dispersion among intravenous drug users from the northwest. Subtype 2a showed two groups: the larger one was mainly restricted to the northwest and seemed to show a trend toward migration via the Silk Road; the smaller one was geographically mixed and may represent descendants of those that spread widely during the contaminated plasma campaign in the 1990s. Subtype 3a exhibited three well-separated geographic groups that may be epidemically unrelated: one showed origins in the northwest, one showed origins in the southwest, and the other showed origins in the central south. In contrast, subtype 3b had a mixture of geographic origins, suggesting migrations from the southwest to the northwest and sporadically to other regions. Structurally resembling the tree for subtype 3a, the tree for subtype 6a showed four groups that may indicate migrations from the central south to southeast, southwest, and northwest. Strikingly, no subtype 6a strain was identified in the north-northeast. IMPORTANCEWith a population of greater than 1.3 billion and a territory of >9.6 million square kilometers, China has a total of 34 provinces and municipalities. In such a vast country, the epidemic history and migration trends of HCV are thought to be unique and complex but variable among regions and are unlikely to be represented by those observed in only one or at best a few provinces and municipalities. However, due to the difficulties in recruiting patients, all previous studies for this purpose have been based only on data from limited regions, and therefore, geographical biases were unavoidable. In this study, such biases were greatly reduced because we utilized samples collected from volunteer blood donors in 17 provinces and municipalities. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the HCV isolates represented such a large portion of the country, and thus, the results should shed light on the current understanding of HCV molecular epidemiology.

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Randomized controlled trial of pegylated interferon-alfa 2a and ribavirin in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C genotype 6

Lam

Trinh

et al. 2010

Hepatology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype is an important criteria in determining duration of therapy and predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy. Optimal duration of therapy for patients with HCV genotype 6 is not known. We conducted a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial of patients with HCV genotype 6 at five gastroenterology clinics in the western U.S. Patients were stratified by viral load and histologic stage and assigned to receive PEG IFNa2a 180 lg subcutaneously weekly and weight-based oral RBV 800 to 1,200 mg daily for 24 or 48 weeks. Primary outcome measurement was SVR rate by intention-to-treat analysis. From February 2005 to October 2007 a total of 60 patients (age 51 6 10 years, 47% male, log HCVRNA 6.3 6 1.1 IU/mL) were enrolled: 27 patients to 24 weeks and 33 patients to 48 weeks of therapy. In the 24-week and 48-week groups, 96% and 97% achieved early virologic response (P 5 0.90); 89% versus 94% achieved end of therapy virologic response (P 5 0.48). SVR was achieved in 70% versus 79% of patients assigned to 24 weeks versus 48 weeks (P 5 0.45). Rapid virologic response (RVR) was a significant predictor of SVR in the 48-week group and trending towards significance in the 24-week group: 82% and 83% of those with RVR achieved SVR versus 33% and 29% for the 24-week and 48-week groups, respectively (P 5 0.07 and P 5 0.02). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in SVR rates in patients with HCV genotype 6 treated with PEG IFN-a2a and RBV for 24 versus 48 weeks. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;52:1573-1580

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Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in China: Predominance of closely related subtype 1b isolates and existence of new genotype 6 variants

Cited by 130 publications

References 60 publications

The hepatitis C virus core gene yields restriction fragments of variable length and polymorphism

The hepatitis C virus core gene yields restriction fragments of variable length and polymorphism

Migration Patterns of Hepatitis C Virus in China Characterized for Five Major Subtypes Based on Samples from 411 Volunteer Blood Donors from 17 Provinces and Municipalities

Randomized controlled trial of pegylated interferon-alfa 2a and ribavirin in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C genotype 6

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