Hepatitis C prevention and care for injecting drug users

Positive deviance control-case life history: a method to develop grounded hypotheses about successful long-term avoidance of infection

“…A fourth is trying to avoid infection with HIV. A fifth, which in many but not all localities is secondary to HIV-avoidance [ 41 ] is avoiding infection with hepatitis C. An important implication of this hypothesis should be noted: This hypothesis means that focusing on a single goal in prevention might be a sub-optimal approach . Individual-level focused interventions that use cognitive-behavioral programs like the AIDS Risk Reduction Model [ 42 ], Health Belief Model [ 43 ], Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills [ 44 ], Social Cognitive Theory [ 45 , 46 ], Social Action Theory [ 47 ], Theory of Planned Behavior [ 48 , 49 ], and Transtheoretical model [ 50 - 52 ] may be less effective than programs that address more than one, or all, of the above dimensions of intentionality.…”