Hepatitis C plasma viral load is associated with HCV genotype but not with HIV coinfection

Berger, Annemarie; Prondzinski, M. von Depka; Rabenau, H.; Weber, Bernard

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199604)48:4<339::aid-jmv7>3.3.co;2-t

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Our results are in conflict with other studies in coinfected patients, which have shown an association between genotype 1 infection and increased quasispecies diversity (38) and HCV load (1,49). However, none of these studies stratified patients based on exposure to HAART.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

Babik

Holodniy

2003

J Virol

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This study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and thus immunologic status, on hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and quasispecies diversity in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV. Three cohorts of coinfected patients were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 7 to 10 months: group A was antiretroviral drug naïve at baseline and then on HAART for the remainder of the study, group B did not receive antiretroviral therapy at any point, and group C was on HAART for the entire study. HCV quasispecies diversity was analyzed by sequencing hypervariable region 1. In a longitudinal analysis, there was no significant change from baseline in any immunologic, virologic, or quasispecies parameter in any of the three groups. However, in comparison to groups A and B, group C had significantly higher CD4؉ -and CD8 ؉ -cell counts, a trend toward a higher HCV load, and significantly increased number of HCV clones, entropy, genetic distance, and ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (K a /K s ). In addition, CD4؉ -cell count was positively correlated with HCV load, genetic distance, and K a . Interestingly, patients infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3 had a significantly higher CD4؉ -cell count, HCV load, genetic distance, and K a /K s than those infected with genotype 1. These results suggest that there is no immediate effect of HAART on HCV but that, with prolonged HAART, immune restoration results in an increase in HCV load and quasispecies diversity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

Babik

Holodniy

2003

J Virol

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“…Some studies have shown that genotype 1b infection of HCV in male subjects was significantly associated with higher viral loads (Lee et al, 2006;Yu et al, 1999). There were significant differences in virus load associated with infection with different genotypes of HCV (Berger et al, 1996;Chan et al, 1995;Lu et al, 1998;Mahaney et al, 1994;Matsumoto et al, 1994;Orito et al, 1994;Yamada et al, 1995). Our finding that HCV RNA levels in the specimens with genotypes 6a or 1a/1b were significantly higher than those positive for genotype 3b provides a possible mechanism for the higher prevalence of HCV infection with genotypes (6a, or 1a/1b) among the subjects of this study.…”

Section: And 6lvn530 (D88471)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of injection heroin users in Wuhan, China

et al. 2008

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Since the majority of heroin abusers use injection as the primary route of admission, heroin abuse contributes significantly to the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We determined HCV infection and its genotype distribution among injection heroin users in Wuhan, the largest city in the central China. Eight hundred seventy eight (84%) out of 1046 serum specimens from the injection drug users were positive for HCV antibody. Out of randomly selected 122 specimens positive for HCV antibody, seventy-eight (64%) had detectable HCV RNA with genotype 6a as the predominant strain (50%), followed by 3b (32.2%), 1a (8.1%), 1b (6.5%), and 3a (3.2%). HCV RNA levels in male heroin users were significantly higher (P = 0.013) than those in the female subjects. Although there was no significant difference in HCV RNA levels among the specimens positive for HCV 6a and 1a/1b, the samples with 6a or 1a/1b contained higher levels of HCV RNA than the specimens positive for HCV 3b (P = 0.019, P = 0.012, respectively). These findings indicate that there is a high prevalence of HCV infection with genotypes 6a and 3b as predominated strains among injection heroin users in Wuhan, China. KeywordsHepatitis C Virus; Genotype; Wuhan; China; Injection Heroin Abuser Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to chronically infect more than 170 million people worldwide, causing a spectrum of liver disease ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to end-stage liver disease. While HCV infection through contaminated blood products decreased dramatically due to improved HCV screening tests, injection drug users (IDUs) became the primary source of new HCV infection (Alter, 1997;Alter, 1999;Thomas et al., 1994). IDUs comprise the largest risk group for HCV infection (Alter, 1999;Lauer and Walker, 2001;Mathei et al., 2002). Rates of HCV infection among past and current IDUs are extremely high *Corresponding Author: Wen-Zhe Ho, Dr. Wen-Zhe Ho,Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Phone: 1-215-590-4462, Fax: 1-215-590-2025, E-mail: ho@email.chop.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Thomas et al., 1995). Although HCV infection is epidemically worldwide, there is a large degree of geographic variability in its distribution. HCV genotypes have unique patterns of geographic distribution, which is associated with differences in response to interferon treatment (Pascu et al., 2004;Teo and Hayes 2004). Sequence comparisons of variants from ...

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“…In contrast, others (1,3,11,29) report worsened histopathology and increased frequency of hepatic decompensation with decreased CD4 counts. Furthermore, some investigators report an inverse correlation between HCV RNA load and CD4 T-cell count (2,11,13,15), whereas others have found no such correlation (4,6,7,26,33,38,39,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional potential correlates of HCV load, e.g., alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, age, race, sex, HCV genotype, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, duration of infection, mode of infection, and HIV load, have been investigated, with various results (4,8,15,18,25,36,39,40). These discrepant findings reflect the difficulty of understanding a disease for which both the initial time of infection is often unknown and the course is characterized by a prolonged asymptomatic period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Hepatitis C Viral Loads in Patients with or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Matthews-Greer

Caldito

Adley

et al. 2001

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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A better understanding of how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection affects the course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is required to select patients with HIV who would benefit from current HCV therapy. Between June 1996 and March 2000, HCV RNA levels were quantified for 1,279 patients at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; 28 of these patients were coinfected with HIV. HCV loads were quantified by the Bayer branched-DNA assay with a lower limit of detection of 0.2 Meq/ml. We compared the median HCV RNA levels of for patients coinfected with HIV and HCV and patients infected only with HCV who were in the same age range (23 to 55 years). The median HCV load for the 28 patients coinfected with HCV and HIV (17.8 Meq/ml) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that for similarly aged patients infected only with HCV (6.1 Meq/ml). The HCV load did not correlate with age or sex for either group of patients. A significant (R ‫؍‬ ؊0.4; P < 0.05) negative correlation was observed between HCV load and CD4 count in the coinfected group, for whom the CD4 counts at the time of HCV load analysis ranged from 6 to 1,773/mm 3 . The increased HCV load in patients coinfected with HCV and HIV compared to that in patients infected only with HCV and the inverse relationship of the HCV load to the CD4 count indicate that immunosuppression results in decreased control of HCV replication. In addition, we report significantly higher HCV loads among coinfected African Americans than Caucasians.

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Hepatitis C plasma viral load is associated with HCV genotype but not with HIV coinfection

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

Genetic variation of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of injection heroin users in Wuhan, China

Comparison of Hepatitis C Viral Loads in Patients with or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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