Hepatitis C infection from anti-D immunoglobulin

Foster, Peter R.; McIntosh, R. V.; Welch, AnneG.; Power, Joan; Davidson, Fiona; O’Riordan, Joan; Simmonds, Peter; Yap, P. L.; Lawlor, Emer

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92251-2

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although IDU has long been recognized as a risk factor for HCV infection [14], other modes of transmission are less well defined. Despite a high HCV prevalence in sexually transmitted disease clinic populations [15] and documented transmission during risky sexual behaviors in men who have sex with men [16], the risk of sexual transmission in discordant partners appears to be negligible [17][18][19]. In our study, as in an Italian study of acute HCV infection [20], high-risk sexual behaviors were common in individuals without IDU or iatrogenic exposures, suggesting that sexual acquisition was a potential route of infection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Acute Hepatitis C in a Contemporary US Cohort: Modes of Acquisition and Factors Influencing Viral Clearance

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Acute Hepatitis C in a Contemporary US Cohort: Modes of Acquisition and Factors Influencing Viral Clearance

et al. 2007

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“…As the only source of therapeutic IgG is human plasma, there are safety concerns relating to the transfer of viral infection. However, although hepatitis C has been transmitted through the use of anti‐D, 29 this was from a batch prepared using a method that has now been abandoned 30 . The viral safety of the Baxter and BPL products used by the NHS is based both on sourcing plasma from donors who are screened for known viruses, and on viral inactivation through cold ethanol fractionation and solvent/detergent treatment as part of the manufacturing process 26,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the clinical effectiveness of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis for rhesus‐negative women who are pregnant

Jones

Wray

Wight

et al. 2004

BJOG

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“…Our within-host data set is based on HCV subtype 1b genomes obtained from 15 women who were all infected by a contaminated blood product (anti-D immunoglobulin) that had been generated from a single HCV-infected blood donation ([22]; coloured red in all figures). This data set comprises full-length genomic HCV sequences from 15 patients, sampled at two time-points, plus an additional sequence sampled in 1977 from the HCV-infected blood donation ( n = 31; sampling dates range from 1977 to 2000; [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mode and tempo of hepatitis C virus evolution within and among hosts

Parker²,

et al. 2011

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a rapidly-evolving RNA virus that establishes chronic infections in humans. Despite the virus' public health importance and a wealth of sequence data, basic aspects of HCV molecular evolution remain poorly understood. Here we investigate three sets of whole HCV genomes in order to directly compare the evolution of whole HCV genomes at different biological levels: within- and among-hosts. We use a powerful Bayesian inference framework that incorporates both among-lineage rate heterogeneity and phylogenetic uncertainty into estimates of evolutionary parameters.ResultsMost of the HCV genome evolves at ~0.001 substitutions/site/year, a rate typical of RNA viruses. The antigenically-important E1/E2 genome region evolves particularly quickly, with correspondingly high rates of positive selection, as inferred using two related measures. Crucially, in this region an exceptionally higher rate was observed for within-host evolution compared to among-host evolution. Conversely, higher rates of evolution were seen among-hosts for functionally relevant parts of the NS5A gene. There was also evidence for slightly higher evolutionary rate for HCV subtype 1a compared to subtype 1b.ConclusionsUsing new statistical methods and comparable whole genome datasets we have quantified, for the first time, the variation in HCV evolutionary dynamics at different scales of organisation. This confirms that differences in molecular evolution between biological scales are not restricted to HIV and may represent a common feature of chronic RNA viral infection. We conclude that the elevated rate observed in the E1/E2 region during within-host evolution more likely results from the reversion of host-specific adaptations (resulting in slower long-term among-host evolution) than from the preferential transmission of slowly-evolving lineages.

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Hepatitis C infection from anti-D immunoglobulin

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Acute Hepatitis C in a Contemporary US Cohort: Modes of Acquisition and Factors Influencing Viral Clearance

Acute Hepatitis C in a Contemporary US Cohort: Modes of Acquisition and Factors Influencing Viral Clearance

A review of the clinical effectiveness of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis for rhesus‐negative women who are pregnant

The mode and tempo of hepatitis C virus evolution within and among hosts

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