Hepatitis C in HIV‐infected individuals: cure and control, right now

Thomas, David L.; Leoutsakas, Dennis; Zábranský, Tomáš; Kumar, M. Suresh

doi:10.1186/1758-2652-14-22

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Africa (Mets et al, 1993;Dasnoy et al, 1997;Thomas et al, 2011). In Rwanda, estimates from the University Hospital of Butare indicate that viral hepatitis and its complications, cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, represent 80% of all liver pathologies, the ninth most common cause of morbidity (Musemakweli, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Traditional phytotherapy remedies used in Southern Rwanda for the treatment of liver diseases

Mukazayire

Minani²,

Ruffo³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Traditional phytotherapy remedies used in Southern Rwanda for the treatment of liver diseases

Mukazayire

Minani²,

Ruffo³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with higher HCV viral loads, increased HCV chronicity, reduced response to anti-HCV therapy, and accelerated liver damage compared to HCV-mono-infection. Co-infected patients are also more likely to suffer kidney and neurocognitive disease than are HIV-mono-infected patients, and HCV co-infection can impact antiretroviral therapy for HIV (5, 9, 10). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can exacerbate liver disease due to persistent HCV infection, while super-infection with HCV can exacerbate liver disease due to chronic HBV infection (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection

Dustin¹

2017

CDT

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a public health problem of global importance, even in the era of potent directly-acting antiviral drugs. In this chapter, I discuss immune response to acute and chronic HCV infection. The outcome of HCV infection is influenced by viral strategies that limit or delay the initiation of innate antiviral responses. This delay may enable HCV to establish widespread infection long before the host mounts effective T and B cell responses. HCV’s genetic agility, resulting from its high rate of replication and its error prone replication mechanism, enables it to evade immune recognition. Adaptive immune responses fail to keep up with changing viral epitopes. Neutralizing antibody epitopes may be hidden by decoy structures, glycans, and lipoproteins. T cell responses fail due to changing epitope sequences and due to exhaustion, a phenomenon that may have evolved to limit immune-mediated pathology. Despite these difficulties, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms do impact HCV replication. Immune-mediated clearance of infection is possible, occurring in 20–50% of people who contract the disease. New developments raise hopes for effective immunological interventions to prevent or treat HCV infection.

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“…In the United States, Europe, and Australia, approximately 4.8–9.0% of PLWH are also chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 20–33% are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 0.5–4.0% are chronically infected with both 1–5 . Patients with HIV/HBV co-infection experience faster progression to cirrhosis, more hepatocellular carcinoma and higher risk of liver-related mortality than patients with either infection alone 5–8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hepatitis Coinfection on Hospitalization Rates and Causes in a Multicenter Cohort of Persons Living With HIV

Crowell¹,

Gebo²,

Balagopal³

et al. 2014

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Chronic viral hepatitis is a potentially important determinant of healthcare utilization among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We describe hospitalization rates and reasons for hospitalization among PLWH stratified by co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods Laboratory, demographic, and hospitalization data were obtained for all patients receiving longitudinal HIV care during 2010 at 9 geographically diverse sites. Hepatitis serostatus was assessed by hepatitis B surface antigen and/or hepatitis C antibody. ICD-9 codes were used to assign hospitalizations into diagnostic categories. Negative binomial regression was used to assess factors associated with all-cause and diagnostic category-specific hospitalizations. Results A total of 2,793 hospitalizations were observed among 12,819 patients. Of these patients, 49.3% had HIV mono-infection, 4.1% HIV/HBV, 15.4% HIV/HCV, 2.5% HIV/HBV/HCV and 28.7% unknown hepatitis serostatus. Compared to HIV mono-infection, risk of all-cause hospitalization was increased with HIV/HBV (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.55 [1.17–2.06]), HIV/HCV (1.45 [1.21–1.74]) and HIV/HBV/HCV (1.52 [1.04–2.22]). Risk of hospitalization for non-AIDS-defining infection was also higher among patients with HIV/HBV (2.07 [1.38–3.11]), HIV/HCV (1.81 [1.36–2.40]) and HIV/HBV/HCV (1.96 [1.11–3.46]). HIV/HBV was associated with hospitalization for gastrointestinal/liver disease (2.55 [1.30–5.01]). HIV/HCV was associated with hospitalization for psychiatric illness (1.89 [1.11–3.26]). Conclusions HBV and HCV co-infection are associated with increased risk of all-cause hospitalization and hospitalization for non-AIDS-defining infections, as compared to HIV mono-infection. Policy-makers and third-party payers should be aware of the heightened risk of hospitalization associated with co-infection when allocating healthcare resources and considering models of healthcare delivery.

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Hepatitis C in HIV‐infected individuals: cure and control, right now

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Traditional phytotherapy remedies used in Southern Rwanda for the treatment of liver diseases

Traditional phytotherapy remedies used in Southern Rwanda for the treatment of liver diseases

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection

Impact of Hepatitis Coinfection on Hospitalization Rates and Causes in a Multicenter Cohort of Persons Living With HIV

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