Hepatitis C as a systemic disease: virus and host immunologic responses underlie hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations

Okuse, Chiaki; Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi; Koike, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1007/s00535-007-2097-x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Although such association is not necessarily causative, this hypothesis is corroborated by biological plausibility. In fact, HCV has a lymphotropism that is responsible for B-lymphocyte expansion and consequent production of auto-antibodies, potentially leading to a range of immunological alterations, apart from OLP, such as B-cell lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, Sjögren syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer [75][76][77]. In addition, the oral mucosa is a site of extra-hepatic HCV replication, as suggested by the HCV-RNA sequences detected in the oral mucosa of infected subjects, which sometimes are different from the sequences detected in serum and imply an independent HCV replication and differentiation in this tissue [78][79][80][81].…”

Section: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

et al. 2011

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Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with oral lichen planus (OLP), a case-control study and a meta-analysis were designed to investigate the magnitude of such an association. A total of 413 presumptive OLP patients (18-75 years) who referred to a dental clinic in Rasht (Iran) were consecutively selected. OLP was diagnosed clinically (typical forms) and histologically (atypical forms) by a calibrated examiner. A total of 487 adults (20-77 years) attending the same dental clinic were the controls. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender and occupation. Subjects were tested for anti-HCV antibodies. The odds ratio (OR) for OLP attributable to HCV infection was non-significant [OR 1.2, 95% confidence interval (95CI) 0.3-4.8], suggesting that the association between HCV and OLP was weak in the Iranian context. Meta-analysis of observational studies characteristics of primary studies were that cases were diagnosed clinically (only typical forms) and histologically and exposure was assessed through anti-HCV antibodies. Exposed/unexposed cases/controls were extracted and zero values were appropriately transformed. As much as 44 studies, including the present, were located. Publication bias could not be totally excluded. The pooled OR, estimated using the random-effect model, was 2.8 (95CI 2.4-3.2). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results. Subgroup analysis showed non-significant differences between American/European and Asian/African studies. The fraction of global OLP cases associated with HCV (population attributable fraction) was 2.1% (95CI 1.9-2.2%). Although HCV and OLP were significantly associated, the majority of OLP patients were not affected by HCV.

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Section: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

et al. 2011

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“… 2 , 3 This association supports the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of LP is related to cell-mediated immunity and may be initiated by HCV-specific T lymphocytes in patients infected with HCV. 4 , 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen planus following tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccination: A case report and review of the literature

Rosengard

Wheat

Tilson

et al. 2018

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports

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Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatosis with a prevalence of approximately 1%. Recent meta-analyses show that patients with hepatitis C virus have a 2.5- to 4.5-fold increased risk of developing lichen planus. Lichen planus has also followed vaccinations and has specifically been attributed to the hepatitis B vaccine, the influenza vaccine, and the tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine. We describe a case of lichen planus in a hepatitis C virus–infected African American male occurring in temporal association with the administration of the tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine. The patient’s presentation was clinically consistent with lichen planus and confirmed by biopsy. It is likely that many cases of vaccine-induced lichen planus have gone unpublished or unrecognized. In areas with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, we may expect to see more cases of vaccine-induced lichen planus especially in light of the updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccination recommendations. This case serves to educate healthcare providers about vaccine-induced lichen planus and, in particular, the need to counsel hepatitis C virus–infected patients about a potential risk of developing lichen planus following vaccination. We also reflect on current theories suggesting the T-cell–mediated pathogenesis of lichen planus and the role that hepatitis C virus and toxoid or protein vaccines may play in initiating the disease.

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“…In recent reviews devoted to HCV‐EHM, conflicting statements have been made, some supporting and others discharging the link between LP and such viral infection (Sene et al , 2004; Ali and Zein, 2005; Palekar and Harrison, 2005; Sterling and Bralow, 2006; Galossi et al , 2007; Okuse et al , 2007; Zignego et al , 2007; Carrozzo, 2008) but literature was rarely reviewed with a systematic approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus infection and lichen planus: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2010

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OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide but its morbidity is also due to a variety of extra-hepatic manifestations including mixed cryoglubulinemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diabetes, porphyria cutanea tarda and lichen planus. The aims of this study were to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis on the prevalence of HCV in lichen planus patients and on the prevalence of lichen planus in chronic HCV infection.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Bibliographic searches were conducted in several electronic databases. Pooled data were analysed by calculating odds ratios, using a random effects model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-three studies comparing the seroprevalence of HCV in lichen planus patients and six reporting the prevalence of lichen planus in patients with HCV infection were included in the metaanalysis. The summary estimate showed that LP patients have significantly higher risk (odds ratio 4.85; 95% confidence interval 3.58-6.56) than controls of being HCV seropositive. A similar odds ratio of having lichen planus was found among HCV patients (4.47; 95% confidence interval 1.84-10.86). Sub-analyses indicated that variability of HCV ⁄ lichen planus association seemed only partially depending on geographic effect. Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 601-612

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Hepatitis C as a systemic disease: virus and host immunologic responses underlie hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations

Cited by 12 publications

References 110 publications

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

Lichen planus following tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccination: A case report and review of the literature

Hepatitis C virus infection and lichen planus: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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