Hepatitis C Among Noninjecting Drug Users: A Report

Tortu, Stephanie; Neaigus, Alan; McMahon, James M.; Hagen, Debra

doi:10.1081/ja-100102640

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We found 28 published reports that met our criteria (Allwright et al, 2000;Baozhang et al, 1997;Broers et al, 1998;Chang et al, 1999;Denis et al, 2000;Feldman et al, 2000;Fuller et al, 2004;Galperim et al, 2004;Garten et al, 2004;Gyarmathy et al, 2002;Harsch et al, 2000;Hershow et al, 1998;Howe et al, 2005;Koblin et al, 2003;Lai et al, 2001;Maayan et al, 1994;Mathei et al, 2005;Njoh et al, 1997;Nyamathi et al, 2002;Quaglio et al 2003a;Quaglio et al 2003b;Santana Rodriguez et al, 1998;Shrestha et al, 1998;Strasfeld et al, 2003;Tortu et al, 2001;Tortu et al, 2004;Van Ameijden et al, 1993;Ward et al, 2000). One report included two separate studies, both of which were included (Tortu et al, 2001) and which appear in Table 1 in two separate rows; two reports were by the same author and indicated the same overall seroprevalence and sample size, therefore we counted this as one study (Quaglio et al 2003a(Quaglio et al & 2003b.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…There was overlap between study samples in some cases, (Tortu et al, 2001;Tortu et al, 2004) and (Fuller et al, 2004;Howe et al, 2005;Koblin et al, 2003). For calculations of median HCV prevalence, we used the study with the largest NIDU sample (Howe et al, 2005;Tortu et al, 2001) and chose not to include the three others (Fuller et al, 2004;Koblin et al, 2003;Tortu et al, 2004) in order to avoid double counting overlapping samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For calculations of median HCV prevalence, we used the study with the largest NIDU sample (Howe et al, 2005;Tortu et al, 2001) and chose not to include the three others (Fuller et al, 2004;Koblin et al, 2003;Tortu et al, 2004) in order to avoid double counting overlapping samples. We have included all the published studies in Tables 1 and 3 and have included all studies with relevant risk factors in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One report included two separate studies, both of which were included (Tortu et al, 2001) and which appear in Table 1 in two separate rows; two reports were by the same author and indicated the same overall seroprevalence and sample size, therefore we counted this as one study (Quaglio et al 2003a(Quaglio et al & 2003b. Thus our sample included 28 reports and 28 studies.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Scheinmann

Hagan

Leluţiu-Weinberger

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

168

121

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This systematic review examined the evidence on the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) who sniff, smoke or snort drugs such as heroin, cocaine, crack or methamphetamine. The search included studies published from January 1989 to January 2006. Twenty-eight eligible studies were identified and the prevalence of HCV in these NIDU populations ranged from 2.3% to 35.3%. There was substantial variation in study focus and in the quality of the NIDU data presented in the studies. The results of our systematic review suggested that there are important gaps in the research of HCV in NIDUs. We identified a problem of study focus; much of the research did not aim to study HCV in users of non-injection drugs. Instead, NIDUs were typically included as a secondary research concern, with a principal focus on the problem of transmission of HCV in IDU populations. Despite methodological issues, HCV prevalence in this population is much higher than in a non-drug using population, even though some IDUs might have inadvertently been included in the NIDU samples. These studies point to a real problem of HCV in NIDU populations, but the causal pathway to infection remains unclear.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Scheinmann

Hagan

Leluţiu-Weinberger

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

168

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5% in Limburg. Other studies targeting populations of non-IDU have reported prevalence rates widely varying between 2 and 25 % [4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis C in drug users in Flanders: determinants and geographic differences

et al. 2004

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SUMMARYThe prevalence of hepatitis C and related risk factors in drug users were compared in two geographic regions in Belgium, the city of Antwerp and the mixed urban-rural area of Limburg. All 310 participants were surveyed and screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. Prevalence rates of anti-HCV, anti-HBc and anti-HIV were 71, 62 and 4% in Antwerp and 46, 21 and 0% in Limburg respectively. Injecting drug use, duration of injecting drug use, work as a commercial sex-worker, originating from Turkey or Northern Africa, marginalization and anti-HBc positivity were identified as independent predictors for hepatitis C infection. In this study an important difference in HCV seroprevalence among drug users in a methadone maintenance programme across two geographic regions in Belgium was demonstrated. This was explained not only by variations in drug-related risk behaviour, but also by differences in sexual risk behaviour and socio-economic status.

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Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York City

Koblin

Vlahov

2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among noninjecting drug users has been reported to be higher than in the general population, but the reasons for this observation remain unclear. Noninjecting drug users aged 15-40 years and who used drugs for no longer than 10 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and had specimens drawn for serological testing. Of 276 enrolled, 4.7% were infected with HCV. Drug users who had ever sniffed or snorted heroin in combination with cocaine were significantly more likely to be infected with HCV compared with those who never sniffed or snorted heroin with cocaine. No other drug use or sexual risk behaviors were found to be associated with HCV infection. These findings suggest that sniffing or snorting heroin with cocaine may explain the increase frequently found in HCV infection among noninjectors, but further studies are necessary.

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Hepatitis C Among Noninjecting Drug Users: A Report

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Prevalence of hepatitis C in drug users in Flanders: determinants and geographic differences

Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York City

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