Hepatitis C among former athletes: association with the use of injectable stimulants in the past

Passos, Afonso Dinis Costa; Figueiredo, José Fernando de Castro; Martinelli, Ana de Lôurdes Candolo; Villanova, Márcia G.; Nascimento, Margarida Maria Pásseri do; Secaf, Marie

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000800011

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The parenteral use of anabolics and energetics as stimulants for recreational purposes or improvement of professional performance (mainly among athletes) has been acknowledged to be associated with HCV transmission 33,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Rosa

Martinelli

Passos

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted via contact with the blood of infected patients, although the form of contact has not been identifi ed for a signifi cant percentage of carriers. The present study evaluated possible risk factors for HCV transmission in a medium-sized town located in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. Methods: This was a case-control study, with the case group consisting of 190 chronic HCV carriers older than 18 years residing in the municipality of Catanduva. The control group also consisted of 190 individuals with HCV-negative serology. The groups were paired (1:1) for gender, age range (± fi ve years), and place of residence. The same structured questionnaire was applied to all subjects, who gave written informed consent to participate in the study. The data were statistically analyzed using crude and adjusted logistic regression, and the results were expressed as odds ratios with a 95% confi dence interval. Results: The demographic profi les of the groups indicated a predominance of males (68.9%) and mean ages of 47.1 years (case group) and 47.3 years (control group). After adjusting for conditional regression, the following factors were found to represent risks for HCV: history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and blood transfusion; accidents with syringes and/or needles; tattoos; and the use of non-injectable drugs and injectable medications. Conclusions: The transmission of HCV via the blood route has been well characterized. Other forms of contact with human blood and/or secretions are likely to transmit the virus, although with a lower frequency of occurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Rosa

Martinelli

Passos

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…22,36 Therefore, the main methods of transmission of BBIs in athletes are probably not associated with sporting activity but similar to those for the general population, such as unsafe sexual activity and sharing needles. 2,3,37,38 High risk for BBIs might be determined based not on the risk of bleeding injuries in a given sport but on the prevalence of these high-risk behaviors that are related to other factors, such as sociocultural factors and pressures within sports to abuse injected drugs. According to our limited data, when compared with volleyball and soccer players in the same area, Tehranian wrestlers were at greater risk for BBIs because of the prevalence of unsafe sexual activity.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Hepatitis B and C Infections in Tehranian Wrestlers

Kordi

Pourfathollah

Mansournia

et al. 2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context:Although bloodborne infections are among the most important global health issues, limited data are available on bloodborne infections in athletes.Objective: To determine and compare the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses and the risk factors for these infections among wrestlers in Tehran and among a control group of athletes in the same geographic area who took part in low-to moderate-contact sports (ie, volleyball and soccer).Design: Case-control study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:A total of 420 male wrestlers were randomly selected from 28 wrestling clubs in Tehran using a cluster-sample-setting method. The control group (205 volleyball players from 21 clubs and 205 soccer players from 16 clubs) was selected from the same geographic area.Main Outcome Measure(s): The risk factors for HBV and HCV and serum levels of anti-HBcAg (antibodies to the HBV core antigen), HBsAg (HBV surface antigen), and anti-HCV (antibodies to HCV) in both groups. Results:The prevalence of anti-HBcAg was 13.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.2%, 16.7%) in wrestlers and 10.9% (95% CI = 7.9%, 14.0%) in the control group. The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.2% (95% CI = 0.2%, 2.2%) in wrestlers and 0.5% (95% CI = -0.2%, 1.2%) in the control group. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.5% (95% CI = -0.2%, 1.1%) in wrestlers and 0 in the control group. Some risk factors for bloodborne infections were more common in the wrestlers than in the control group.Conclusions: Within the limits of our study, we found no evidence that participation in Tehranian wrestling increased HBV or HCV transmission when compared with transmission in athletes participating in low-to moderate-contact sports. Prevention of bloodborne infections in Tehranian wrestlers should be focused not only on appropriate care for bleeding injuries but also on general risk factors for these conditions. Key Words: bloodborne infections, communicable diseases, athletes Key Points• When compared with athletes in low-to moderate-contact sports such as volleyball and soccer, Tehranian wrestlers demonstrated no greater rates of hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus transmission.• Attention should focus on preventing all bloodborne infections, particularly in athletes who engage in potentially dangerous behaviors, including high-risk sexual activity and sharing razors for shaving.

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“…However, there are specifi c sites and populations where extremely high prevalences are detected, such as inhabitants of Bebedouro district, São Paulo, Brazil (23) and former soccer and basketball athletes who practiced between 1950 and 1970 (24) . In both cases, sharing of possibly contaminated syringes and needles was likely the most important mechanism for transmission, as reported in different parts of the world for injectable drug users (25) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study of hepatitis B and C in a municipality with rural characteristics: Cássia dos Coqueiros, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Melo

Silva

Perdoná

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Hepatitis C among former athletes: association with the use of injectable stimulants in the past

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Risk of Hepatitis B and C Infections in Tehranian Wrestlers

Epidemiological study of hepatitis B and C in a municipality with rural characteristics: Cássia dos Coqueiros, State of São Paulo, Brazil

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